Family Education for Individuals With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

July 15, 2026 updated by: Yağmur Kirmik, Hasan Kalyoncu University

The Effect of Family Education on Stress, Deformity Perception, Quality of Life, and Treatment Adherence in Adolescent Individuals With Idiopathic Scoliosis

Yağmur KİRMİK, Investigation of the Effect of Family Education on Stress, Deformity Perception, Quality of Life, and Treatment Adherence in Individuals with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Graduate Education Institute, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Master's Thesis, Gaziantep 2026. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of individual/family education on stress, deformity perception, quality of life, and exercise adherence in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A total of 42 individuals with AIS participated in the study. Randomization was performed to create a study group (n=21) and a control group (n=21). The study group received Physiotherapy Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE) in addition to individual/family education, while the control group received only PSSE.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Yağmur KİRMİK, Investigation of the Effect of Family Education on Stress, Deformity Perception, Quality of Life, and Treatment Adherence in Individuals with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Graduate Education Institute, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Master's Thesis, Gaziantep 2026. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of individual/family education on stress, deformity perception, quality of life, and exercise adherence in individuals with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A total of 42 individuals with AIS participated in the study. Randomization was performed to create a study group (n=21) and a control group (n=21). The study group received Physiotherapy Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE) in addition to individual/family education, while the control group received only PSSE. Demographic information of individuals was obtained, Cobb angles and Risser values were measured using antero-posterior radiography, and trunk rotation degrees were determined by performing a forward bending test. Stress levels were assessed using the Adolescent Stress-Eusor Scale (ASES), anxiety and depression levels using the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (CADS-Y), deformity perception using the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale (WRVAS), Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (Tr-SAQ), and Scoliosis Body Image Scale, quality of life using the General Quality of Life Scale for Children (GQL), Scoliosis Japanese Questionnaire (SJ-27), Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) Questionnaire, and exercise adherence level using the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

42

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between the ages of 10 and 18
  • Absence of chest deformity
  • Absence of psychiatric diagnosis and not taking medication
  • Absence of neurological problems
  • No history of spinal surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

  • - Having a psychiatric diagnosis
  • Having a neurological problem
  • Having undergone spinal surgery
  • Presence of orthopedic or cognitive problems that would hinder exercise training

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Working group
The study group received additional individual/family education on 'Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises'.
Other: PSSE
While the study group received individual/family education in addition to Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE), the control group received only PSSE.
Other: individual/family education
Individual/family education was provided.
Active Comparator: control group
Only scoliosis-specific physiotherapeutic exercises were administered.
Other: PSSE
While the study group received individual/family education in addition to Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE), the control group received only PSSE.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Distress-Eustress Scale for Adolescents
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Each item is rated on a scale of 0 to 4. Scores for the distress and eustress dimensions range from 0 to 20. No total score is calculated for the scale. Higher scores on the eustress dimension indicate that stress is perceived as stimulating and motivating, whereas higher scores on the distress dimension indicate that stress is perceived as a source of strain and tension.
12 weeks
axial trunk rotation measurement (ATR)
Time Frame: 12 Weeks
ATR is measured using a scoliometer. The scoliometer is a tool designed to measure the prominence (gibbosity) on the back resulting from trunk rotation. Its degree is determined by taking a measurement over the trunk prominence caused by rotation while performing the Adam's forward-bending test.
12 Weeks
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The total scale score is calculated by summing the scores obtained from all items. As the total score increases, the levels of anxiety and depression increase.
12 weeks
Spinal Appearance Questionnaire
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The questionnaire consists of two sub-groups. The "Appearance" sub-group includes visual questions regarding spinal asymmetry, rib prominence, waist prominence, the relationship between the head, rib cage, and pelvis, head-to-pelvis positioning, shoulder level, and scapular rotation. The score for the Appearance sub-group is calculated by summing the scores of questions 1 through 10; higher scores in this sub-dimension indicate a perception of severe deformity. The "Expectation" sub-group contains questions reflecting the individual's expectations regarding their body, such as a desire to be straighter. The score for the Expectation sub-group is calculated by summing the scores from questions 12 through 15.
12 weeks
Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The survey items are rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with total scores ranging from a minimum of 7 to a maximum of 35. Higher scores reflect a perception of worsening deformity.
12 weeks
Scoliosis-Related Body Image Scale
Time Frame: 12 weeks

Consisting of seven items and a single factor, this scale measures the dissatisfaction experienced by individuals diagnosed with scoliosis regarding the deformity of their bodies. Each item is scored on a scale of 1 to 5.

Higher scores indicate severe dissatisfaction with the body deformity.
12 weeks
General Quality of Life Scale for Children
Time Frame: 12 weeks

This is a General Quality of Life scale comprising items related to physical health (8 items), emotional state (5 items), social status (5 items), and school functioning (5 items). The lower the total scale score, the lower the perceived quality of life. Parent forms are available for the scale-tailored to the 8-12 and 13-18 age groups-and are completed separately but simultaneously by the parents of the participating children.

The 23-item scale is scored across three dimensions: Total Scale Score (TSS), Physical Health Total Score (PHTS), and Psychosocial Health Total Score (PSTS). Items are scored on a scale of 0 to 100, with response parameters assigned as follows: 0=100, 1=75, 2=50, 3=25, and 4=0. The TSS is calculated by dividing the sum of all scores by 23; the PHTS is calculated by dividing the sum of the scores from the first 8 items by 8; and the PSTS is calculated by dividing the sum of the scores from the remaining 15 items by 15.
12 weeks
Japanese Scoliosis Questionnaire (SJ-27)
Time Frame: 12 weeks
It is a self-administered, disease-specific questionnaire designed to measure quality of life. It comprises four questions regarding pain associated with sitting, standing, and lying down; six questions assessing anxiety and depression related to spinal deformity; six questions addressing body image and self-perception; four questions concerning the difficulty of participating in physical activities; and seven questions regarding discomfort experienced while carrying bags or getting dressed. Each question is scored on a scale of 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating lower quality of life.
12 weeks
Scoliosis Research Society Score (SRS 22)
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The questionnaire consists of 22 items across five sub-domains: perception of body image, pain, function, psychosocial status, and treatment satisfaction. Each item is scored on a scale of 1 to 5, where a score of 1 indicates a worsening condition and a score of 5 indicates a good condition. A higher total score reflects a better quality of life.
12 weeks
Exercise Adherence Rating Scale
Time Frame: 12 weeks
It evaluates the level of adherence to home exercises among patients with chronic diseases. It consists of three sections. Section A comprises six items that can be adapted to individual needs; it is not included in the scoring. Section B describes how the recommended home exercises are performed, while Section C assesses the reasons for adherence or non-adherence to the recommended exercises. The total questionnaire score is calculated by summing the scores from Sections B and C, with values ranging from 0 to 64.
12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hasan Kalyoncu University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: YAVUZ Y YAKUT, Hasan Kalyoncu Universty

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 6, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 30, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

June 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 9, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • HKU-FTR-YK-2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

patient individual privacy

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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