Reducing Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure in Reproductive-Age Women: A Pender Model-Based RCT
Effectiveness of a Pender's Health Promotion Model-Based Behavioral Change Intervention to Reduce Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Women of Reproductive Age: A Biomarker-Supported Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widely encountered in daily life and may adversely affect reproductive health. Although awareness of EDC-related risks is increasing, interventions targeting modifiable exposure-related behaviors remain limited. Theory-based behavioral interventions that address self-efficacy, perceived barriers, action planning, and maintenance of health-promoting behaviors may provide an effective approach to reducing EDC exposure.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral change intervention based on Pender's Health Promotion Model in reducing EDC exposure among women of reproductive age using both behavioral outcomes and urinary biomarkers.
Methods: This study is designed as a biomarker-supported, two-arm, parallel-group, open-label randomized controlled trial. A total of 108 women aged 18-49 years will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will participate in a 12-week structured behavioral change program based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. The program will include education, goal setting, action planning, self-monitoring, problem solving, social support, behavioral rehearsal, environmental restructuring, and digital reinforcement messages delivered via WhatsApp. EDC-related exposure behaviors, exposure perception, and attitudes will be assessed using structured measurement tools. Urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and selected phthalate metabolites will be measured before and after the intervention using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The primary outcome will be the between-group difference in post-intervention urinary BPA levels adjusted for baseline BPA. Secondary outcomes will include urinary phthalate metabolites, exposure-related behaviors, exposure perception, and attitudes toward EDCs.
Conclusion: This study will provide evidence on whether a theory-based behavioral change intervention can reduce EDC exposure at both behavioral and biological levels. Integrating Pender's Health Promotion Model with objective biomarker assessment may contribute to the development of feasible and evidence-based strategies for reducing EDC exposure among women of reproductive age.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Fatma Aslan
- Phone Number: 05427760715
- Email: fatmaaslan62@gmail.com
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- A total of 108 women aged 18-49 years will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will participate in a 12-week structured behavioral change program based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. The program will include education, goal setting, action planning, self-monitoring, problem solving, social support, behavioral rehearsal, environmental restructuring, and digital reinforcement messages delivered via WhatsApp
Exclusion Criteria:
- At the beginning of the study, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, menopausal, have cognitive or psychiatric disorders severe enough to interfere with active participation in the study or independent completion of the data collection instruments, have a diagnosed serious endocrine disorder that could significantly affect the endocrine system (e.g., pituitary disorders or Cushing's syndrome), or have participated in a structured educational program on endocrine-disrupting chemicals within the previous six months will be excluded from the study
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
No Intervention: control group
|
|
|
Other: intervention group
|
The intervention group will participate in a 12-week structured behavioral change program based on Pender's Health Promotion Model.
The program will include education, goal setting, action planning, self-monitoring, problem solving, social support, behavioral rehearsal, environmental restructuring, and digital reinforcement messages delivered via WhatsApp.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
|---|---|
|
Analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalate Metabolite Levels in Urine Samples
Time Frame: 12-week
|
12-week
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- HarranUU
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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