Brain Type, Playing Position, and Mental Toughness in Amateur Soccer Players (BTP-MT)
1. juli 2026 opdateret af: Görkem Açar, Istanbul Gelisim University
Association Between Brain Type (2D:4D Digit Ratio), Playing Position, and Mental Toughness Among Amateur Soccer Players
This observational study aims to investigate the association between brain type, determined by the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio, playing position, and mental toughness among amateur soccer players.
A total of 270 licensed amateur soccer players participated in the study.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), while brain type was determined by measuring the 2D:4D digit ratio.
The study examines whether mental toughness differs according to brain type and playing position, providing insight into the neuropsychological characteristics of soccer players and their potential relationship with psychological performance.
Studieoversigt
Status
Afsluttet
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Observationel
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
270
Kontakter og lokationer
Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.
Studiesteder
-
-
Istanbul
-
Istanbul, Istanbul, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 34290
- Istanbul Gelisim University
-
-
Deltagelseskriterier
Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
- Voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Ja
Prøveudtagningsmetode
Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve
Studiebefolkning
Licensed amateur soccer players recruited from amateur soccer clubs in Denizli, Türkiye.
Participants represented different playing positions, including goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and strikers.
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Licensed amateur soccer player.
- Aged between 16 and 40 years.
- Currently participating in regular soccer training and competitions.
- Able to understand and complete the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
- Provided written informed consent prior to participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Professional soccer players.
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders that could affect psychological assessment.
- Upper extremity deformity or injury preventing accurate 2D:4D measurement.
- Incomplete questionnaire or missing study data.
- Declined or withdrew informed consent.
Studieplan
Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
Kohorter og interventioner
Gruppe / kohorte |
Intervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Type A Brain
Soccer players classified as Type A brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
|
Type B Brain
Soccer players classified as Type B brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
|
Type C Brain
Soccer players classified as Type C brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) Total Score
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), a validated 14-item self-report questionnaire.
Total scores range from 14 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater mental toughness.
The total score was compared among brain type (Type A, Type B, and Type C) groups and playing positions.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
2D:4D Digit Ratio Classification
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Brain type was determined by manually measuring the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio of the hands.
Participants were classified as Type A, Type B, or Type C according to predefined criteria.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
|
Playing Position Classification
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Participants were categorized according to their playing positions (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, or striker) to evaluate differences in mental toughness.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.
Sponsor
Datoer for undersøgelser
Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
28. marts 2025
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
25. april 2025
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
25. april 2025
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
1. juli 2026
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
1. juli 2026
Først opslået (Faktiske)
8. juli 2026
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
8. juli 2026
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
1. juli 2026
Sidst verificeret
1. juli 2026
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- PAU-SBS-2023-07
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