Brain Type, Playing Position, and Mental Toughness in Amateur Soccer Players (BTP-MT)
1. juli 2026 oppdatert av: Görkem Açar, Istanbul Gelisim University
Association Between Brain Type (2D:4D Digit Ratio), Playing Position, and Mental Toughness Among Amateur Soccer Players
This observational study aims to investigate the association between brain type, determined by the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio, playing position, and mental toughness among amateur soccer players.
A total of 270 licensed amateur soccer players participated in the study.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), while brain type was determined by measuring the 2D:4D digit ratio.
The study examines whether mental toughness differs according to brain type and playing position, providing insight into the neuropsychological characteristics of soccer players and their potential relationship with psychological performance.
Studieoversikt
Status
Fullført
Intervensjon / Behandling
Studietype
Observasjonsmessig
Registrering (Faktiske)
270
Kontakter og plasseringer
Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.
Studiesteder
-
-
Istanbul
-
Istanbul, Istanbul, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 34290
- Istanbul Gelisim University
-
-
Deltakelseskriterier
Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Barn
- Voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Ja
Prøvetakingsmetode
Ikke-sannsynlighetsprøve
Studiepopulasjon
Licensed amateur soccer players recruited from amateur soccer clubs in Denizli, Türkiye.
Participants represented different playing positions, including goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and strikers.
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Licensed amateur soccer player.
- Aged between 16 and 40 years.
- Currently participating in regular soccer training and competitions.
- Able to understand and complete the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
- Provided written informed consent prior to participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Professional soccer players.
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders that could affect psychological assessment.
- Upper extremity deformity or injury preventing accurate 2D:4D measurement.
- Incomplete questionnaire or missing study data.
- Declined or withdrew informed consent.
Studieplan
Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
Kohorter og intervensjoner
Gruppe / Kohort |
Intervensjon / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Type A Brain
Soccer players classified as Type A brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
|
Type B Brain
Soccer players classified as Type B brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
|
Type C Brain
Soccer players classified as Type C brain according to the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio.
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
No intervention was administered.
Participants underwent assessment of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio and completed the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).
|
Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) Total Score
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), a validated 14-item self-report questionnaire.
Total scores range from 14 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater mental toughness.
The total score was compared among brain type (Type A, Type B, and Type C) groups and playing positions.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
2D:4D Digit Ratio Classification
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Brain type was determined by manually measuring the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio of the hands.
Participants were classified as Type A, Type B, or Type C according to predefined criteria.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
|
Playing Position Classification
Tidsramme: Baseline (single assessment)
|
Participants were categorized according to their playing positions (goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, or striker) to evaluate differences in mental toughness.
|
Baseline (single assessment)
|
Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.
Sponsor
Studierekorddatoer
Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.
Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
28. mars 2025
Primær fullføring (Faktiske)
25. april 2025
Studiet fullført (Faktiske)
25. april 2025
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
1. juli 2026
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
1. juli 2026
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
8. juli 2026
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
8. juli 2026
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
1. juli 2026
Sist bekreftet
1. juli 2026
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Andre studie-ID-numre
- PAU-SBS-2023-07
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