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Does Estrogen Blunt the Effects of Exercise Training on Glycemic Control

25. august 2026 opdateret af: Michaela Devries-Aboud, University of Waterloo

The Impact of 17beta-estradiol Treatment on Insulin Sensitivity, Immune Function, Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Following Exercise Training in Sedentary, Overweight Males

Previous research has found that males and females respond differently to exercise training, particularly with respect to improvements in blood sugar control and immune system health. This is crucial since insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes and other health problems, affects millions of Canadians. People with insulin resistance often have higher inflammation. Exercise is known to improve insulin resistance and reduce inflammation, but females seem to benefit less from exercise compared to men. The investigators believe this difference might be due to estrogen, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar (in non-exercising conditions) and reduce inflammation. Females have higher estrogen levels, which might explain their ability to regulate resting blood sugar control and also immune function at rest. Our research will investigate how estrogen influences the acute and chronic effects of exercise males. The investigators will study how estrogen influence's the body's response to exercise, particularly in terms of reducing inflammation and improving blood sugar levels as well as immune function. Overweight and obese males will undergo 2 weeks of high intensity interval training while taking either an estrogen supplement or placebo. Prior to and following training males will undergo an assessment of maximal fitness (VO2max test) and an oral glucose tolerance test. Prior to and following the acute exercise test blood samples will be taken to determine the acute effects of exercise on immune cell function and inflammation. Prior to and during the oral glucose tolerance test participants will have blood samples taken to determine glucose handling and insulin sensitivity. They will also have a muscle biopsy taken prior to and 1h into the oral glucose tolerance test to determine the effects of estrogen supplementation on insulin signaling, mitochondrial content and function, fat metabolism and fat storage in skeletal muscle.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

24

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Canada
    • Ontario
      • Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
        • University of Waterloo
        • Kontakt:
        • Ledende efterforsker:
          • Michaela Devries-Aboud, PhD
        • Underforsker:
          • Vito Pipitone, PhD Candidate
        • Underforsker:
          • Emma Dare, PhD
        • Underforsker:
          • Madeline Noble, MSc
        • Underforsker:
          • Sean Gartner, MD

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Biological males (with no previous hormonal supplementation).
  • Between the ages of 18-35 years old
  • Non-smokers
  • Sedentary individuals (i.e., engaging in intentional moderate-to-vigorous physical activity <2x/week)
  • Body mass index 27-32 kg/m2
  • Body fat % > 22%

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Any state that can impact the hormonal milieu (e.g., drug/hormonal supplementation related to health).
  2. Usage of anti-inflammatory medications, >1 glucose lowering medications, insulin, platelet inhibitors, anti-coagulant medications or simvastatin, beta-blockers, weight loss medications (Orlistat, Saxenda, Contrave, Ozempic) or any medications known to affect protein metabolism (i.e., corticosteroids).
  3. Presence of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, autoimmune or renal disease.
  4. Presence of any condition that makes the participant unable to participate in physical activity as determined using the CSEP Get Active Questionnaire.
  5. Presence of injury that restricts exercise performance.
  6. VO2max > 50th percentile for age.
  7. Previous (within the last 2 months) or current use of ergogenic aids (i.e. creatine).
  8. Previous or current use of weight loss medications, including liraglutide, semaglutide, orlistat, ozempic, etc.
  9. History and/or diagnosis of blood clots or family history of blood clot disorders.
  10. History of allergies or sensitivities to local anesthetic
  11. Ophthalmic vascular disease
  12. Classical migraines
  13. History of thromboembolic disease
  14. Consume 15 or more alcoholic drinks/week or 3 drinks per day
  15. Bleeding disorders
  16. Severe peripheral neuropathy
  17. Muscular dystrophy
  18. Prior bariatric surgery
  19. Osteoporosis/osteopenia
  20. Orthopaedic issues
  21. Presence of GI disorders (i.e., Colitis, Crohns disease, Celiac disease)
  22. Presence of liver disease or dysfunction (i.e., diagnosed NAFLD, NASH, cirrhosis, previous liver transplant)
  23. History of cancer
  24. Type 1 or 2 diabetes
  25. Presence of renal disorders (creatinine > 140)
  26. Uncontrolled hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)
  27. History of allergies or sensitivities to estradiol or to any ingredient in the formulation or component of the container
  28. History and/or diagnosis of blood clots or family history of blood clot disorders
  29. Have an implantable electronic device
  30. Medical psychiatric history of depression, bipolar, anxiety, suicidal ideation, etc.
  31. Inherited clotting disorders
  32. Chest pain or shortness of breath
  33. Inflammatory disorders (e.g., inflammatory bowel disorder)
  34. Significant weight loss in the 3-month period prior to the study (10% of total body weight)
  35. Any kind of major surgery recently
  36. Bleeding disorders
  37. Active or history of thromboembolic disease (including confirmed venous thromboembolism)
  38. Ophthalmic vascular disease
  39. Classical migraines

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Tredobbelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Estrogen
1mg/d 17-beta estradiol x 2 day and 2mg/d 17-beta estradiol for 14 days
Andet: EXERCISE TRAINING WITH OR WITHOUT MEDICATION
2 weeks of high intensity interval training while either taking estrogen or placebo
Placebo komparator: Placebo
400mg/d of glucose polymer x 16 days
Andet: EXERCISE TRAINING WITH OR WITHOUT MEDICATION
2 weeks of high intensity interval training while either taking estrogen or placebo

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Glucose AUC
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Glucose AUC determined from blood samples taken during a 2h oral glucose tolerance test
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Insulin resistance/sensitivity
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
at rest (HOMA-IR) and during a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (Matsuda index)
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Markers of insulin signaling
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Western blot of the following markers: AMPKα Thr172 & total AMPKα; phosphorylated Akt Ser437 & total Akt; phosphorylated TBC1D4 Thr642 & total TBC1D4; phosphorylated TBC1D1 Ser237 & total TBC1D; total GLUT4 in human skeletal muscle in the fasted and insulin stimulated state
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Membrane bound GLUT4
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
GLUT4 content at the membrane in the fasted and insulin stimulated state (determined via immunofluorescence)
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
determination of immune cell response to acute exercise
Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
Plasma cytokines from isolated PBMCs
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine content will be determine using a cytokine array and commercially available kits
Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
Mitochondrial content
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
determined using electron microscopy
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Mitochondrial respiration
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration determined using high-resolution respirometry
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
total and subcellular location-specific content and storage characteristics
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
aerobic fitness (VO2max)
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
VO2max determined during a graded exercise test
Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (Day 14)
Sex hormone concentrations
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Serum estradiol measured using commercially available kits
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Serum hormone concentrations
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Serum progesterone measured using commercially available kits
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (Day 16)
Sex hormone concentrations
Tidsramme: Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (day 16)
Serum testosterone measured using commercially available kits
Visit 3 (baseline) and Visit 11 (day 16)
Serum hormone concentrations
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and visit 10 (day 14)
Serum growth hormone measured using commercially available kits prior to a maximal graded exercise test and immediately (t=0 min), 30 and 60 min after the graded exercise test.
Visit 2 (baseline) and visit 10 (day 14)
Serum hormone concentrations
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and visit 10 (Day 14)
Serum glucagon measured using commercially available kits prior to a maximal graded exercise test and immediately (t=0 min), 30 and 60 min after the graded exercise test.
Visit 2 (baseline) and visit 10 (Day 14)
Neurotransmitter concentration
Tidsramme: Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (day 14)
Serum epinephrine concentration measured using a commercially available kit prior to a maximal graded exercise test and immediately (t=0 min), 30 and 60 min after the graded exercise test.
Visit 2 (baseline) and Visit 10 (day 14)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

University of Waterloo

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Michaela Devries, PhD, University of Waterloo

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. august 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. april 2027

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. april 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

14. august 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

25. august 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

27. august 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

27. august 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

25. august 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. august 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 46726

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