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Masticatory Muscle Activity Using a 24-Hour Wearable Device

1. Oktober 2026 aktualisiert von: Linda Sangalli, Midwestern University

Reevaluating the Role of Masticatory Muscle Activity in Chronic Myofascial Pain Using a 24-Hour Wearable Device

Patients with chronic masticatory myofascial pain (MFP) often report that stress and parafunctional oral habits aggravate their pain, consistent with the widespread belief that stress and parafunctional habits lead to increased/sustained jaw muscle activity and subsequent pain. Yet, these assumptions have never been directly tested, given the lack of tools to measure masticatory muscle activity in real-world settings. This protocol describes a prospective, longitudinal, case-control observational study that will enroll 50 patients total (25 with clinician-diagnosed chronic MFP and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) from the university-based dental clinics at Midwestern University, Illinois. Consenting participants will be instructed to complete a baseline biopsychosocial battery assessing self-reported awake and sleep bruxism (using the Oral Behavior Checklist, OBC), anxiety/depression symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-4), perceived stress (using the Perceived Stress Scale, PSS), insomnia symptoms (using the Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) and chronic pain intensity (using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, GCPS). All participants will be provided a 24-hour electromyograph (EMG) device (dia-BRUXO, Biotech-Novations, Sanremo, Italy) placed on the left masseter, recording jaw muscle activity. Brief ecological momentary assessments will be sent during the 24-hour period, assessing pain intensity, self-reported parafunctional habits, stress and anxiety. The primary aim will be to establish if self-reported awake and sleep bruxism and/or biopsychosocial distress are as-sociated with EMG-recorded masticatory muscle activity. The secondary aim will test if masticatory muscle activity is associated with jaw pain intensity.

Studienübersicht

Status

Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Studientyp

Beobachtungs

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

50

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studienorte

  • Vereinigte Staaten
    • Illinois
      • Downers Grove, Illinois, Vereinigte Staaten, 60515
        • Rekrutierung
        • Midwestern University
        • Kontakt:

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

18 Jahre und älter (Erwachsene, Älterer Erwachsener)

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Studienberechtigte Geschlechter

Alle

Probenahmeverfahren

Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsprobe

Studienpopulation

Participants will be recruited from patients seen at the dental institutes at the Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (Downers Grove, Illinois, USA)

Beschreibung

For the chronic myofascial pain group, the Inclusion Criteria are:

  • Patients of record of the dental institutes at Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois
  • Receiving a diagnosis of chronic masticatory myofascial pain according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders after a consult with the orofacial pain specialist
  • Reporting painful symptomatology on the day of the monitoring
  • Age 18+
  • Ability to connect to the Internet
  • Ability to read and speak English or Italian language

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients undergoing orthodontic treatments
  • Not on stable medication regimen on the day of the monitoring
  • Starting to wear an occlusal appliance on the day of the monitoring
  • Changed occlusal appliance within the past 3 months

For the healthy control group, Inclusion Criteria are:

  • Sex and age-matched otherwise healthy adults (without any pain-related masticatory myofascial pain upon examination)
  • Patients of record of the dental institutes at Midwestern University, College of Dental Medicine-Illinois
  • Ability to connect to the Internet
  • Ability to read and speak English language

Exclusion criteria:

  • Patients undergoing orthodontic treatments
  • Not on stable medication regimen on the day of the monitoring
  • Starting to wear an occlusal appliance on the day of the monitoring
  • Changed occlusal appliance within the past 3 months

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Beobachtungsmodelle: CASE_CONTROL
  • Zeitperspektiven: PROSPECTIVE

Kohorten und Interventionen

Gruppe / Kohorte
Chronic masticatory myofascial pain

Adult patients of the dental institutes, with a clinician-confirmed diagnosis of chronic (>3 months) myofascial pain.
Healthy controls

Sex- and age-matched otherwise healthy adults visiting the dental institute for recall visits, without any pain-related TMD or any other orofacial pain complaint

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Self-reported parafunctional behaviors
Zeitfenster: Baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period

Self-reported parafunctional behaviors will be assessed using the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC), a validated instrument to evaluate frequency, type, and overall burden of awake and sleep self-reported oral parafunctional behaviors (e.g., tooth clenching, grinding, jaw bracing, and other repetitive jaw activities). Answers will be rated on a 5-point Likert scale (from 0 = "None of the time" to 4 = "4-7 nights/week"), and item scores will be summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 84, with higher scores indicating a greater frequency and overall burden of self-reported oral parafunctional behaviors.
Baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period
EMG-recorded masticatory muscle activity
Zeitfenster: During the 24-hour assessment period

Objective EMG-recorded masticatory muscle activity will be collected using the dia-BRUXO, a single-recording channel wireless portable electromyograph.
During the 24-hour assessment period

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Emotional distress
Zeitfenster: At baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period

Emotional distress (in terms of anxiety/depression symptomatology) will be assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), a 4-item validated instrument tool inquiring about frequency of anxiety and depression symptomatology. Answers will be rated on a Likert scale (from 0 = "None" to 3 = "Nearly every day"). Item scores will be summed to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 12, with cutoff values at 3, 6, and 9 reflecting mild, moderate, and severe anxiety and depression symptomatology.
At baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period
Stress symptomatology
Zeitfenster: at baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period, as well as self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment during the 24-hour assessment

Stress symptoms will be assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a 10-item validated instrument tool that measures how life circumstances affect adaptive capacity and perceived stress symptoms over the past month.41 Answer will be rated on a Likert scale and ranges from 0 (= "Never") to 4 (= "Very often"). Items 4, 5, 7, and 8 will reflect four positive items and will be reversed-scored before computing the final score. A total score will be obtained by summing all individual item scores and ranges from 0 to 40, interpreted as mild (0-13), moderate (14-26), and severe (27-40) stress symptomatology.
at baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period, as well as self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment during the 24-hour assessment
Insomnia symptomatology
Zeitfenster: at baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period

Insomnia symptoms will be assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a 7-item validated instrument tool measuring sleep difficulties in the previous 2 weeks. Answers will be rated on a Likert scale and ranges from 0 (= "None" or "Very satisfied") to 4 (= "Very severe" to "Very dissatisfied"). A total score will be obtained by summing all the individual item scores and ranges from 0 to 28, where a cutoff of ISI >11 suggests clinically meaningful insomnia.
at baseline, before the 24-hour assessment period
Pain intensity
Zeitfenster: at baseline before the 24-hour assessment period and self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment, during the 24-hour period

Assessed using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), an 8-item validated tool inquiring about pain and interference within the past month. Characteristic Pain Intensity (CPI) will be calculated by averaging the scores of three items assessing "pain right now", "average pain in the last 30 days", and "worse pain in the last 30 days". Each item will be rated on an 11-point numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (= "No pain") to 10 (= "Worst imaginable pain"). The mean score will then be multiplied by 10 to yield a CPI score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating greater pain intensity.
at baseline before the 24-hour assessment period and self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment, during the 24-hour period
Pain-related interference
Zeitfenster: at baseline before the 24-hour assessment period and self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment, during the 24-hour period

Assessed using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), an 8-item validated tool inquiring about pain and interference within the past month. Pain-related interference (from 0 to 10) will be calculated by averaging the scores of three items assessing the extent to which pain has interfered with "usual activities", "recreational, social, and family activities", and "ability to work", all during the last 30 days. The mean score will then be multiplied by 10 to yield a pain interference scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating higher interference
at baseline before the 24-hour assessment period and self-reported during the ecologic momentary assessment, during the 24-hour period

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Midwestern University

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

1. Juni 2025

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

31. Juli 2027

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

30. September 2027

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

26. September 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

1. Oktober 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

6. Oktober 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

6. Oktober 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

1. Oktober 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Oktober 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • IRB-25-0038

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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UNENTSCHIEDEN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

De-identified individual data will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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