Comparison of the Clinical and Microbiological Effects of CHX and HOCl Containing Mouthwashes
This study compared two mouthwashes, containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or chlorhexidine (CHX), for their effects on dental plaque accumulation, gum bleeding, tooth staining, and bacteria in dental plaque. Participants used each mouthwash during a separate four-day period, with a washout period between treatments. Participants also evaluated their experience with each mouthwash using a questionnaire.
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ehdot
Interventio / Hoito
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
This single-center, randomized controlled crossover study compared mouthwashes containing 0.02% hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) using a four-day plaque regrowth model. Thirty participants were enrolled, and 26 completed both treatment periods.
Each mouthwash was used twice daily, with 10 mL rinsed for one minute, during a four-day period. The treatment periods were separated by a 14-day washout period. Professional prophylaxis was performed at the beginning of each treatment period. Participants refrained from toothbrushing and interdental cleaning during the treatment periods.
Clinical assessments included the Modified Plaque Index, bleeding on probing, and the Modified Stain Index. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at the end of each treatment period for microbiological analysis, including bacterial colony counts and identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Participants completed a questionnaire evaluating their experience with each mouthwash and indicated their final preference.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
Vaihe
- Ei sovellettavissa
Yhteystiedot ja paikat
Opiskelupaikat
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-
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Ankara, Turkki (Türkiye), 06000
- Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry
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Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria:
- Systemically healthy.
- Aged 18-65 years.
- Having at least 22 natural teeth.
- Nonsmoker.
- Willing to abstain from alcohol throughout the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Presence of periodontitis or gingivitis.
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Use of medications that may affect periodontal status.
- Antibiotic or anti-inflammatory medication use within the previous six months.
- Use of antimicrobial mouth rinses, gels, or chewing gums within the previous three months.
- Known allergy to any component of the study mouth rinses.
- Presence of tongue conditions, such as geographic tongue or hairy tongue.
- Periodontal probing depths of 4 mm or greater.
- Gingival recession of 2 mm or greater.
- Use of fixed or removable dental prostheses, including single crowns, or orthodontic appliances.
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
- Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Ennaltaehkäisy
- Jako: Satunnaistettu
- Inventiomalli: Crossover-tehtävä
- Naamiointi: Nelinkertaistaa
Aseet ja interventiot
Osallistujaryhmä / Arm |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
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Kokeellinen: HOCl followed by CHX
Participants used 0.02% hypochlorous acid mouthwash for four days, followed by a 14-day washout period, and then 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for four days. Each mouthwash was used twice daily, with 10 mL rinsed for one minute. |
Rinse with 10 mL for one minute, twice daily for four days. Rinse with 10 mL for one minute, twice daily for four days. |
|
Kokeellinen: CHX followed by HOCl
Participants used 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for four days, followed by a 14-day washout period, and then 0.02% hypochlorous acid mouthwash for four days. Each mouthwash was used twice daily, with 10 mL rinsed for one minute. |
Rinse with 10 mL for one minute, twice daily for four days. Rinse with 10 mL for one minute, twice daily for four days. |
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Modified Plaque Index
Aikaikkuna: At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
Dental plaque was assessed using the modified Silness and Löe Plaque Index at six sites per tooth. Each site was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque). Mean scores were calculated for the full mouth and 12 anatomical regions and compared between the HOCl and CHX treatment periods. Mean scores range from 0 to 3; higher scores indicate greater plaque accumulation. |
At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
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Total culturable bacterial count in supragingival plaque
Aikaikkuna: At the end of each four-day treatment period.
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Total culturable bacterial counts were measured in supragingival plaque samples collected from molar teeth and expressed as colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Counts were compared between the HOCl and CHX treatment periods. |
At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
|
Bleeding on Probing (BOP)
Aikaikkuna: At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
Bleeding was assessed at six sites per tooth using a periodontal probe. Sites showing bleeding within 30 seconds after probing were recorded as positive. BOP was calculated as the number of bleeding sites divided by the total number of examined sites, multiplied by 100. Full-mouth and regional percentages were calculated. Scores range from 0% to 100%; higher values indicate more gingival bleeding. |
At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
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Modified Stain Index (MSI)
Aikaikkuna: At the end of each four-day treatment period.
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Extrinsic tooth staining was assessed in four regions on each buccal and lingual/palatal tooth surface. Intensity was scored from 0 to 3. Area was scored from 1 to 3 only when intensity was 2 or 3, using the region-specific criteria of Macpherson et al. (2000). For intensity scores of 1, the intensity × area value was defined as 1. The participant-level MSI was calculated by averaging these values across examined regions, with a range of 0-9. Higher scores indicate greater staining. |
At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
Muut tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
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Participant-reported experience with mouthwashes
Aikaikkuna: At the end of each four-day treatment period.
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At the end of each treatment period, participants completed a five-item questionnaire assessing mouthwash taste, effects on taste perception, perceived tooth cleanliness, perceived tooth discoloration, and nausea associated with mouthwash use. Each item was rated as 1 (poor), 2 (moderate), or 3 (good). Higher scores indicate a more favorable participant rating. Each item was evaluated separately. |
At the end of each four-day treatment period.
|
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Final mouthwash preference
Aikaikkuna: After completion of both four-day treatment periods and the intervening 14-day washout period.
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After completing both treatment periods, participants indicated which of the two mouthwashes they preferred. The number of participants preferring each mouthwash was recorded. |
After completion of both four-day treatment periods and the intervening 14-day washout period.
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Mehtap Bilgin Cetin, Associate Professor, Baskent University
Julkaisuja ja hyödyllisiä linkkejä
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Todellinen)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
Lisää tietoa
Tähän tutkimukseen liittyvät termit
Avainsanat
Muita asiaankuuluvia MeSH-ehtoja
- Stomatognaattiset sairaudet
- Hammassairaudet
- Hammashoidon talletukset
- Hammasplakki
- Kemialliset vaikutukset ja käyttötarkoitukset
- Epäorgaaniset kemikaalit
- Klooriyhdisteet
- Biolääketieteelliset ja hammasmateriaalit
- Valmistetut materiaalit
- Tekniikka, teollisuus ja maatalous
- Kemikaalien erikoiskäyttö
- Oksidit
- Happiyhdisteet
- Hapot, ei -karboksyyliset
- Hapot
- Reaktiiviset happilajit
- Vapaat radikaalit
- Kosmetiikka
- kloriheksidiini -glukonaatti
- Suuvedet
- Hypokloorihappo
Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot
- MR1234
Yksittäisten osallistujien tietojen suunnitelma (IPD)
Aiotko jakaa yksittäisten osallistujien tietoja (IPD)?
IPD-suunnitelman kuvaus
A decision regarding sharing individual participant data has not yet been made.
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