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A Comparative Study of Driving Performance Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Adolescents (Perf-TSA)

maanantai 15. kesäkuuta 2026 päivittänyt: Hopital La Musse

The primary objective of this study is to compare the number of driving errors made by novice adolescents (0-5 hours of driving instruction) with ASD to those made by neurotypical adolescents during a standardized driving simulator assessment. The secondary objectives of the study are to:

  • Compare the visual strategies used by adolescents with ASD to those of neurotypical adolescents during a driving assessment on a simulator.
  • Compare the types of errors and driving performance (i.e., speed, reaction time, following distance, and braking distance) of adolescents with ASD to those of neurotypical adolescents during the driving simulator assessment.
  • Compare the driving performance of these two groups during a real-world road assessment using the TRIP scale.
  • Examine the consistency between driving performance measured in the simulator and that observed in real-world conditions for both groups.
  • Compare the anxiety levels of these two groups during driving tests on the simulator and on the road.

Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus

Tila

Ei vielä rekrytointia

Ehdot

Interventio / Hoito

Opintotyyppi

Interventio

Ilmoittautuminen (Arvioitu)

22

Vaihe

  • Ei sovellettavissa

Yhteystiedot ja paikat

Tässä osiossa on tutkimuksen suorittajien yhteystiedot ja tiedot siitä, missä tämä tutkimus suoritetaan.

Opiskeluyhteys

Opiskelupaikat

  • Ranska
      • Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent, Ranska, 27180
        • Hôpital La Musse

Osallistumiskriteerit

Tutkijat etsivät ihmisiä, jotka sopivat tiettyyn kuvaukseen, jota kutsutaan kelpoisuuskriteereiksi. Joitakin esimerkkejä näistä kriteereistä ovat henkilön yleinen terveydentila tai aiemmat hoidot.

Kelpoisuusvaatimukset

Opintokelpoiset iät

  • Lapsi

Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia

Joo

Kuvaus

Inclusion Criteria:

ASD Group

  • Adolescents aged 15 to 17,
  • With a confirmed diagnosis of ASD by a physician,
  • Without an intellectual disability, with a Fluid Reasoning Index (IRF) greater than 80,
  • Who have passed the written driver's license exam,
  • With no or very limited driving experience (<5 hours),
  • Enrolled in the social security system.

Neurotypical group:

  • Adolescents aged 15 to 17,
  • Without a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders or learning disabilities,
  • With a standard educational background,
  • Who have passed the written driver's license exam,
  • With no or very limited driving experience (<5 hours),
  • Enrolled in the social security system.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Adolescents with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and/or ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) and/or IDD (intellectual disability) and/or SLI (specific language impairment) with associated comprehension difficulties,
  • Adolescents who already have a driver's license,
  • Adolescents currently taking driving lessons and/or with more than 5 hours of driving experience,
  • Adolescents who have suffered a head injury during childhood,
  • Other serious medical conditions that may interfere with participation in the sessions,
  • Participation in another research protocol.

Opintosuunnitelma

Tässä osiossa on tietoja tutkimussuunnitelmasta, mukaan lukien kuinka tutkimus on suunniteltu ja mitä tutkimuksella mitataan.

Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?

Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat

  • Ensisijainen käyttötarkoitus: Muut
  • Jako: Satunnaistettu
  • Inventiomalli: Rinnakkaistehtävä
  • Naamiointi: Ei mitään (avoin tarra)

Aseet ja interventiot

Osallistujaryhmä / Arm
Interventio / Hoito
Active Comparator: Neurotypical group

Once enrolled, each participant will undergo an assessment of executive functions and attention (conducted by a neuropsychologist, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes) using the following tests:

  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.

Each adolescent will then undergo two driving assessments: one on a driving simulator and one on the road in a dual-control vehicle with a driving instructor.
Muut: Assessment of executive functions and attention
  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
Muut: Evaluation on a driving simulator
The 1-hour simulator assessment will be preceded by a 1.5-hour orientation session. The simulator used is the Rehab Evolution, manufactured by Develter Innovation.
Muut: Evaluation on-road
The on-road evaluation will be conducted using a dual-control vehicle, with a certified driving instructor and an occupational therapist. The evaluation will last one hour.
Kokeellinen: ASD group

Once enrolled, each participant will undergo an assessment of executive functions and attention (conducted by a neuropsychologist, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes) using the following tests:

  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP) (25),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility (26),
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes (27),
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment (28).

Each adolescent will then undergo two driving assessments: one on a driving simulator and one on the road in a dual-control vehicle with a driving instructor.
Muut: Assessment of executive functions and attention
  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
Muut: Evaluation on a driving simulator
The 1-hour simulator assessment will be preceded by a 1.5-hour orientation session. The simulator used is the Rehab Evolution, manufactured by Develter Innovation.
Muut: Evaluation on-road
The on-road evaluation will be conducted using a dual-control vehicle, with a certified driving instructor and an occupational therapist. The evaluation will last one hour.

Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?

Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet

Tulosmittaus
Toimenpiteen kuvaus
Aikaikkuna
Assessment of driving errors in various scenarios using a driving simulator.
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment

Each adolescent's driving performance will be measured, following Michon's model, through two distinct levels of assessment:

  • Assessment 1 focuses more on the operational level of Michon's model: the participant must control their vehicle while stationary and on the road under simple conditions, i.e., with no other road users and no incidents. During 5 tests, control of the controls, maintaining a straight line and staying in the lane when turning, and maintaining speed at low speeds (50 km/h) and moderate speeds (80 km/h) will be evaluated.
  • Assessment 2, which places greater emphasis on tactical skills: The participant will be confronted with more complex situations requiring adaptation of driving to road conditions and other road users. The aim is to gradually introduce additional cognitive demands: visual attention, visual scanning, interaction with other road users, and the management of critical situations in urban and rural environments through six tests.
At enrollment

Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet

Tulosmittaus
Toimenpiteen kuvaus
Aikaikkuna
Visual exploration
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment
Visual exploration will be assessed during simulator driving using an infrared eye-tracking device, the Tobii Pro Spark. This device, paired and synchronized with Develter Innovation's Rehab Evolution driving simulator, will collect eye-tracking data (e.g., number of fixations, fixation duration) from each subject during each scenario at a frequency of 60 Hz.
At enrollment
Driving performance on-road
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment
During the on-road evaluation, the TRIP scale (Test Ride for Investigating Practical fitness to drive) will be used and completed immediately after the test by an occupational therapist. This test allows for the standardization and quantification of driving performance using a list of behavioral items: lane position, following distance, speed, visual scanning, traffic signals, passing, anticipation, communication, special situations, vehicle controls, and overall impressions. Each item is quantified using a score on a scale of 1 to 4 (1: insufficient, 2: questionable, 3: sufficient, 4: good). The reliability of this test has already been demonstrated in several studies involving various populations, such as older adults, stroke survivors, and individuals with Huntington's disease. This grid also allows for the calculation of scores corresponding to the different hierarchical levels of Michon's model.
At enrollment
Assessment of executive functions and attention
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment
Assessment of executive functions and attention using the Attention Assessment Test (TAP) with the following subtests: "phasic alerting," "divided attention," "go/no go," "working memory," and "visual scanning", the Trail Making Test (TMT) assessing mental flexibility, the Stroop selective attention test assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), which assesses abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
At enrollment
Driving performance on the simulator
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment

Driving performance on the simulator will be evaluated, on the one hand, using data on speed, reaction time, following distance, and braking distance collected during each test. Additionally, the total driving error score will be broken down into 7 sub-scores, allowing for the evaluation and comparison of driving error types and the levels involved in relation to Michon's model:

  • Control of vehicle controls,
  • Lane keeping and speed regulation,
  • Vehicle control during turns and speed regulation,
  • Visual scanning and divided attention while driving, level 1,
  • Visual scanning and divided attention while driving, level 2,
  • Executive functions level 1: interactions with traffic,
  • Executive functions level 2: management of critical situations. This scale was developed specifically for the study. Scores on the scale range from 0 to 100; the lower the score, the better the teenager's driving performance on the simulator.
At enrollment
Anxiety - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-form
Aikaikkuna: At enrollment

Participants' anxiety levels during on-road and simulator driving tests will be assessed using the STAI-Y (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-form). It will be administered and completed before and after each assessment, both on-road and in the simulator. The general STAI-Y is a questionnaire designed to assess momentary anxiety and trait anxiety. For this study, only the state scale of the STAI-Y will be used. The state anxiety scale comprises 20 items and assesses the feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry that the subject experiences at the time of the assessment.

The STAI-Y scale ranges from 20 to 80. The higher the score, the greater the level of anxiety.
At enrollment

Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat

Täältä löydät tähän tutkimukseen osallistuvat ihmiset ja organisaatiot.

Sponsori

Hopital La Musse

Yhteistyökumppanit

French Road Safety Delegation

Opintojen ennätyspäivät

Nämä päivämäärät seuraavat ClinicalTrials.gov-sivustolle lähetettyjen tutkimustietueiden ja yhteenvetojen edistymistä. National Library of Medicine (NLM) tarkistaa tutkimustiedot ja raportoidut tulokset varmistaakseen, että ne täyttävät tietyt laadunvalvontastandardit, ennen kuin ne julkaistaan ​​julkisella verkkosivustolla.

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Avainsanat

Muita asiaankuuluvia MeSH-ehtoja

Muut tutkimustunnusnumerot

  • 2025-A02129-40

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