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A Comparative Study of Driving Performance Among Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Neurotypical Adolescents (Perf-TSA)

15. juni 2026 oppdatert av: Hopital La Musse

The primary objective of this study is to compare the number of driving errors made by novice adolescents (0-5 hours of driving instruction) with ASD to those made by neurotypical adolescents during a standardized driving simulator assessment. The secondary objectives of the study are to:

  • Compare the visual strategies used by adolescents with ASD to those of neurotypical adolescents during a driving assessment on a simulator.
  • Compare the types of errors and driving performance (i.e., speed, reaction time, following distance, and braking distance) of adolescents with ASD to those of neurotypical adolescents during the driving simulator assessment.
  • Compare the driving performance of these two groups during a real-world road assessment using the TRIP scale.
  • Examine the consistency between driving performance measured in the simulator and that observed in real-world conditions for both groups.
  • Compare the anxiety levels of these two groups during driving tests on the simulator and on the road.

Studieoversikt

Status

Har ikke rekruttert ennå

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Antatt)

22

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Frankrike
      • Saint-Sébastien-de-Morsent, Frankrike, 27180
        • Hôpital La Musse

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Barn

Tar imot friske frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

ASD Group

  • Adolescents aged 15 to 17,
  • With a confirmed diagnosis of ASD by a physician,
  • Without an intellectual disability, with a Fluid Reasoning Index (IRF) greater than 80,
  • Who have passed the written driver's license exam,
  • With no or very limited driving experience (<5 hours),
  • Enrolled in the social security system.

Neurotypical group:

  • Adolescents aged 15 to 17,
  • Without a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders or learning disabilities,
  • With a standard educational background,
  • Who have passed the written driver's license exam,
  • With no or very limited driving experience (<5 hours),
  • Enrolled in the social security system.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Adolescents with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and/or ODD (oppositional defiant disorder) and/or IDD (intellectual disability) and/or SLI (specific language impairment) with associated comprehension difficulties,
  • Adolescents who already have a driver's license,
  • Adolescents currently taking driving lessons and/or with more than 5 hours of driving experience,
  • Adolescents who have suffered a head injury during childhood,
  • Other serious medical conditions that may interfere with participation in the sessions,
  • Participation in another research protocol.

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Annen
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Ingen (Open Label)

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Aktiv komparator: Neurotypical group

Once enrolled, each participant will undergo an assessment of executive functions and attention (conducted by a neuropsychologist, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes) using the following tests:

  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.

Each adolescent will then undergo two driving assessments: one on a driving simulator and one on the road in a dual-control vehicle with a driving instructor.
Annen: Assessment of executive functions and attention
  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
Annen: Evaluation on a driving simulator
The 1-hour simulator assessment will be preceded by a 1.5-hour orientation session. The simulator used is the Rehab Evolution, manufactured by Develter Innovation.
Annen: Evaluation on-road
The on-road evaluation will be conducted using a dual-control vehicle, with a certified driving instructor and an occupational therapist. The evaluation will last one hour.
Eksperimentell: ASD group

Once enrolled, each participant will undergo an assessment of executive functions and attention (conducted by a neuropsychologist, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes) using the following tests:

  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP) (25),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility (26),
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes (27),
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment (28).

Each adolescent will then undergo two driving assessments: one on a driving simulator and one on the road in a dual-control vehicle with a driving instructor.
Annen: Assessment of executive functions and attention
  • Attention Assessment Test (TAP),
  • Trail Making Test (TMT), which assesses mental flexibility,
  • Stroop Selective Attention Test, assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes,
  • Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), assessing abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
Annen: Evaluation on a driving simulator
The 1-hour simulator assessment will be preceded by a 1.5-hour orientation session. The simulator used is the Rehab Evolution, manufactured by Develter Innovation.
Annen: Evaluation on-road
The on-road evaluation will be conducted using a dual-control vehicle, with a certified driving instructor and an occupational therapist. The evaluation will last one hour.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Assessment of driving errors in various scenarios using a driving simulator.
Tidsramme: At enrollment

Each adolescent's driving performance will be measured, following Michon's model, through two distinct levels of assessment:

  • Assessment 1 focuses more on the operational level of Michon's model: the participant must control their vehicle while stationary and on the road under simple conditions, i.e., with no other road users and no incidents. During 5 tests, control of the controls, maintaining a straight line and staying in the lane when turning, and maintaining speed at low speeds (50 km/h) and moderate speeds (80 km/h) will be evaluated.
  • Assessment 2, which places greater emphasis on tactical skills: The participant will be confronted with more complex situations requiring adaptation of driving to road conditions and other road users. The aim is to gradually introduce additional cognitive demands: visual attention, visual scanning, interaction with other road users, and the management of critical situations in urban and rural environments through six tests.
At enrollment

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Visual exploration
Tidsramme: At enrollment
Visual exploration will be assessed during simulator driving using an infrared eye-tracking device, the Tobii Pro Spark. This device, paired and synchronized with Develter Innovation's Rehab Evolution driving simulator, will collect eye-tracking data (e.g., number of fixations, fixation duration) from each subject during each scenario at a frequency of 60 Hz.
At enrollment
Driving performance on-road
Tidsramme: At enrollment
During the on-road evaluation, the TRIP scale (Test Ride for Investigating Practical fitness to drive) will be used and completed immediately after the test by an occupational therapist. This test allows for the standardization and quantification of driving performance using a list of behavioral items: lane position, following distance, speed, visual scanning, traffic signals, passing, anticipation, communication, special situations, vehicle controls, and overall impressions. Each item is quantified using a score on a scale of 1 to 4 (1: insufficient, 2: questionable, 3: sufficient, 4: good). The reliability of this test has already been demonstrated in several studies involving various populations, such as older adults, stroke survivors, and individuals with Huntington's disease. This grid also allows for the calculation of scores corresponding to the different hierarchical levels of Michon's model.
At enrollment
Assessment of executive functions and attention
Tidsramme: At enrollment
Assessment of executive functions and attention using the Attention Assessment Test (TAP) with the following subtests: "phasic alerting," "divided attention," "go/no go," "working memory," and "visual scanning", the Trail Making Test (TMT) assessing mental flexibility, the Stroop selective attention test assessing the ability to inhibit automatic processes, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT-modified), which assesses abstract reasoning and the ability to change cognitive strategies in response to changes in the environment.
At enrollment
Driving performance on the simulator
Tidsramme: At enrollment

Driving performance on the simulator will be evaluated, on the one hand, using data on speed, reaction time, following distance, and braking distance collected during each test. Additionally, the total driving error score will be broken down into 7 sub-scores, allowing for the evaluation and comparison of driving error types and the levels involved in relation to Michon's model:

  • Control of vehicle controls,
  • Lane keeping and speed regulation,
  • Vehicle control during turns and speed regulation,
  • Visual scanning and divided attention while driving, level 1,
  • Visual scanning and divided attention while driving, level 2,
  • Executive functions level 1: interactions with traffic,
  • Executive functions level 2: management of critical situations. This scale was developed specifically for the study. Scores on the scale range from 0 to 100; the lower the score, the better the teenager's driving performance on the simulator.
At enrollment
Anxiety - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-form
Tidsramme: At enrollment

Participants' anxiety levels during on-road and simulator driving tests will be assessed using the STAI-Y (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y-form). It will be administered and completed before and after each assessment, both on-road and in the simulator. The general STAI-Y is a questionnaire designed to assess momentary anxiety and trait anxiety. For this study, only the state scale of the STAI-Y will be used. The state anxiety scale comprises 20 items and assesses the feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry that the subject experiences at the time of the assessment.

The STAI-Y scale ranges from 20 to 80. The higher the score, the greater the level of anxiety.
At enrollment

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Hopital La Musse

Samarbeidspartnere

French Road Safety Delegation

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Antatt)

1. juli 2026

Primær fullføring (Antatt)

30. juni 2027

Studiet fullført (Antatt)

31. august 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

1. juni 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

1. juni 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

5. juni 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

17. juni 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

15. juni 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. juni 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Nøkkelord

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • 2025-A02129-40

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