Do Weight Status and the Level of Dietary Restraint Moderate the Relationship Between Package Unit Size and Food Intake?
3 avril 2018 mis à jour par: Hollie Raynor, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
The objective of this study is to determine the independent and combined effects of weight status and the level of dietary restraint on the relationship between package unit size and food intake.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Complété
Les conditions
Intervention / Traitement
Description détaillée
The estimated prevalence of obesity among adults in 2007-2008 was 33.8% and the combined estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity was 68.0% [1]. Although there are no clear reasons for the current obesity epidemic, there is a general consensus that environmental dietary factors, such as package unit size, encourage excessive food intake and positive energy balance [2, 3]. It is believed that the package unit size of food indirectly influences food intake by impacting the accuracy of consumption monitoring [2, 4]. Large packages decrease the accuracy of consumption monitoring by making it difficult to assess how many servings have been consumed in one sitting, while small single-serving packages can increase the accuracy of consumption monitoring by providing a clear definition of what a standard serving is and how much one has consumed [2, 4, 5]. Therefore, it has been proposed that small, single-serving packages of snack foods may help reduce energy intake [4, 5]. To date, limited studies have been conducted in this area and the results are inconsistent [4-9]. Mixed results could be related to differences in participant variables, specifically weight status and level of dietary restraint (a term that refers to the amount of control exerted over food intake) [4, 9]. These individual characteristics may interact with food package unit size to influence one's food intake [2, 4]. Overweight individuals or restrained eaters may more closely monitor the volume of food they consume as compared to normal weight or unrestrained eaters [4, 9]. The [smaller] size of food packaging may aid in monitoring food consumption and thus, influence how much food is consumed in overweight and/or restrained eaters [2, 4]. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine if weight status and the level of dietary restraint moderate the relationship between package unit size and food intake.
Specific Aims:
- Determine the effect of dietary restraint on the relationship between package unit size and food intake.
- Determine the effect of weight status on the relationship between package unit size and food intake.
- Determine the combined effect of weight status and dietary restraint on the relationship between package unit size and food intake.
Type d'étude
Interventionnel
Inscription (Réel)
64
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.
Lieux d'étude
-
-
Tennessee
-
Knoxville, Tennessee, États-Unis, 37996
- Healthy Eating and Activity Laboratory
-
-
Critères de participation
Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
18 ans à 35 ans (Adulte)
Accepte les volontaires sains
Non
Sexes éligibles pour l'étude
Tout
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male and females aged 18-35 years old.
Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 or BMI between 25-39.9 kg/m2.
- For normal weight groups: BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2.
- For overweight groups: BMI of 25-39.9 kg/m2.
Dietary restraint scores of either less than or equal to 12 or > 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Cognitive Restraint scale (TFEQ-R) [10].
- For unrestrained groups: less than or equal to 12.
- For restrained groups: > 12.
- Do not have unfavorable preference toward pretzels.
- Do not have allergies to pretzel ingredients.
- Do not have a health condition or use medication that affects eating or requires a therapeutic diet.
- Must have a consistent schedule during the time of the study.
- Must agree to instructions to not share pretzel snack packages with others.
Exclusion Criteria:
- BMI below 18.5 or above 39.9 kg/m2.
- Have an unfavorable preference toward pretzels.
Have allergies to pretzel ingredients (wheat flour).
- Severe allergies to nuts - Synder's of Hanover pretzels are made in a facility that handles peanut butter.
- Are unwilling to consume pretzels during the time of the study.
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Do not meet one or more of the other above mentioned eligibility requirements.
Plan d'étude
Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: Science basique
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation factorielle
- Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / Traitement |
|---|---|
|
Comparateur actif: Normal Weight, Unrestrained - Standard
Each participant is of normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9
kg/m2) and is classified as an unrestrained eater (scoring less than or equal to 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of two, 10-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Normal Weight, Restrained - Single Serving
Each participant is of normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9
kg/m2) and is classified as a restrained eater (scoring greater than 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of twenty-two, 0.9-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Normal Weight, Restrained - Standard
Each participant is of normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9
kg/m2) and is classified as a restrained eater (scoring greater than 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of two, 10-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Overweight, Unrestrained - Single Serving
Each participant is overweight (BMI: 25-39.9
kg/m2) and is classified as an unrestrained eater (scoring less than or equal to 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of twenty-two, 0.9-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Overweight, Unrestrained - Standard
Each participant is overweight (BMI: 25-39.9
kg/m2) and is classified as an unrestrained eater (scoring less than or equal to 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of two, 10-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Overweight, Restrained - Single Serving
Each participant is overweight (BMI: 25-39.9
kg/m2) and is classified as a restrained eater (scoring greater than 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of twenty-two, 0.9-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Overweight, Restrained - Standard
Each participant is overweight (BMI: 25-39.9
kg/m2) and is classified as a restrained eater (scoring greater than 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of two, 10-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
|
Comparateur actif: Normal Weight, Unrestrained - Single Serving
Each participant is of normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9
kg/m2) and is classified as an unrestrained eater (scoring less than or equal to 12 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Cognitive Restraint Scale).
|
Participants will receive a box of twenty-two, 0.9-oz.
packages of pretzels.
Participants will receive the box of pretzels in the lab on a Thursday or Friday and will take the box of pretzels home for a period of four days.
Participants will bring back the box of pretzels to the lab on the following Monday or Tuesday (depending on the day of the initial receipt of pretzels).
|
Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Total grams of pretzels consumed.
Délai: 4 days
|
Total grams of pretzels consumed by participants over the 4-day study period will be determined by subtracting pre- and post-consumption weight of snack packages provided.
|
4 days
|
Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.
Parrainer
Les enquêteurs
- Chercheur principal: Hollie A Raynor, Ph.D., University of Tennessee, Knoxville
- Chercheur principal: Chrystal L Haire, B.S., University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Publications et liens utiles
La personne responsable de la saisie des informations sur l'étude fournit volontairement ces publications. Il peut s'agir de tout ce qui concerne l'étude.
Publications générales
- Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29(1):71-83. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90010-8.
- Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010 Jan 20;303(3):235-41. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.2014. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
- French SA, Story M, Jeffery RW. Environmental influences on eating and physical activity. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001;22:309-35. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.309.
- Wansink B. Environmental factors that increase the food intake and consumption volume of unknowing consumers. Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:455-79. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132140.
- Raynor HA, Wing RR. Package unit size and amount of food: do both influence intake? Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Sep;15(9):2311-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.274.
- Stroebele N, Ogden LG, Hill JO. Do calorie-controlled portion sizes of snacks reduce energy intake? Appetite. 2009 Jun;52(3):793-796. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.015. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
- Devitt AA, Mattes RD. Effects of food unit size and energy density on intake in humans. Appetite. 2004 Apr;42(2):213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2003.10.003.
- Raynor HA, Van Walleghen EL, Niemeier H, Butryn ML, Wing RR. Do food provisions packaged in single-servings reduce energy intake at breakfast during a brief behavioral weight-loss intervention? J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Nov;109(11):1922-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.08.009.
- Freedman MR, Brochado C. Reducing portion size reduces food intake and plate waste. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Sep;18(9):1864-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.480. Epub 2009 Dec 24.
- Wansink B, Payne CR, Shimizu M. The 100-calorie semi-solution: sub-packaging most reduces intake among the heaviest. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 May;19(5):1098-100. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.306. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude
1 juin 2011
Achèvement primaire (Réel)
1 octobre 2011
Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)
1 octobre 2011
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
25 juin 2011
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
27 juin 2011
Première publication (Estimation)
29 juin 2011
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
5 avril 2018
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
3 avril 2018
Dernière vérification
1 avril 2018
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- 8573 B
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