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Elastic Band Exercises With Blood Flow Restriction Technique in Tennis Players

24 juin 2026 mis à jour par: Neriman Temel Aksu, Akdeniz University

Investigation of the Effects of Elastic Band Exercises With Blood Flow Restriction Technique in Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Study

Considering that therabant (elastic band) training combined with blood flow restriction exercises can be an effective training program for achieving muscle hypertrophy in practical applications, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of elastic band exercises integrated with blood flow restriction applied to the upper extremities on grip strength, upper extremity muscle strength, and selected performance parameters in elite tennis players. Tennis is a sport that requires high levels of upper extremity strength, grip strength, coordination, speed, and agility. Therefore, improving performance and ensuring safe strength gains for athletes is important. In recent years, blood flow restriction has attracted attention because it provides muscle strength and hypertrophy gains similar to high-intensity resistance exercises, even with low loads. Elastic band exercises are widely used because they are economical, portable, and applicable to different age groups. This prospective randomized controlled trial will include 30 elite tennis players aged 13-18 who have been licensed to play tennis at Antalya Tennis Specialization and Sports Club for at least 3 months and regularly attend training sessions. Participants will be randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group will perform upper extremity exercises with elastic bands twice a week for 8 weeks under occlusion, using 7 cm wide pneumatic cuffs applied to the proximal arm at 30% of arterial occlusion pressure. The control group will perform the same elastic band exercises twice a week for 8 weeks without occlusion. Grip strength, upper extremity muscle strength, speed, agility, and sport-specific performance parameters will be evaluated before and after the intervention. The aim of the study is to determine whether elastic band exercises supported by blood flow restriction contribute to strength and performance development in tennis players. This research is expected to provide a scientific contribution to the planning of upper extremity strength training in tennis players and the use of blood flow restriction methods in the field of athletic performance. The findings are expected to contribute to scientific and clinical applications in the fields of sports physiotherapy, performance enhancement, and athlete rehabilitation.

Aperçu de l'étude

Description détaillée

Blood flow restriction is a current training approach used to support muscle strength and adaptation in resistance exercises performed with low loads. In this method, blood flow is partially restricted to the affected extremity during exercise via a cuff, thus increasing metabolic stress in low-intensity exercises and aiming to support muscle strength development. In this respect, blood flow restriction is considered a complementary exercise method that can provide strength development without the need for high mechanical loading. While the effects of low-load resistance exercises with blood flow restriction on muscle strength and performance in different sports branches are currently being investigated, the effect of its application in combination with elastic band exercises on grip strength, upper extremity muscle strength, and tennis-specific performance parameters in elite tennis players is not yet sufficiently clear. Since upper extremity function is important for racket control and stroke performance in tennis, examining the effects of this method specific to tennis players could contribute to the literature and training planning. The application of blood flow restriction exercises, mainly used in rehabilitation and athletic conditioning, remains limited among elite tennis players. To date, evidence regarding the integration of resistance band training in athletic contexts is scarce, and randomized controlled trials in tennis players are virtually nonexistent. This gap highlights the need to investigate whether the synergistic benefits observed in clinical examples can be extended to athlete populations where explosiveness, endurance, and balance are critical to performance. Practical considerations faced by physiotherapists, coaches, and athletes are equally important. Traditional resistance training often requires access to gyms, heavy equipment, and structured supervision, which may not always be feasible in resource-constrained tennis academies or while traveling for tournaments. In contrast, elastic band resistance training is a cost-effective, portable, and highly adaptable method that can be implemented with minimal equipment. When integrated, they provide both peripheral benefits (musculoskeletal strength, flexibility) and central adaptations (neuromuscular coordination, proprioceptive control). This makes the hybrid program not only scientifically promising but also practically feasible, offering a conditioning approach that supports performance. The fact that blood flow restriction exercises yield similar results to high-intensity resistance exercises, while elastic band training, even when applied alone as an alternative strength training method, produces less muscle hypertrophy compared to high-intensity resistance exercises, highlights the necessity of this study. Considering that elastic band training combined with blood flow restriction exercises could be an effective training program for achieving muscle hypertrophy in practical applications, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of elastic band exercises integrated into blood flow restriction applied to the upper extremity on grip strength, upper extremity muscle strength, and selected performance parameters in elite tennis players. Despite its increasing popularity, there are few studies evaluating the use of blood flow restriction exercises to improve performance in tennis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of upper extremity elastic band exercises integrated into an 8-week blood flow restriction method on grip strength, upper extremity muscle strength, and selected performance parameters. Besides their use for rehabilitation purposes, there are resources suggesting that elastic band exercises can improve athletic performance. The key in this regard is determining the strength value in the applied trainings or exercises and planning their development. Studies are being conducted on how much the elastic band should be stretched and exactly how much force should be applied. Article studies support the idea of how much different colored bands should be stretched in exercises or trainings and how many kg of force the band can produce at that tension.

This study, planned as a randomized prospective experimental study, aims to determine whether low-load blood flow restriction exercises contribute to the development of upper extremity strength and athletic performance in elite tennis players. It is believed that this research will provide scientific contributions to the planning of upper extremity strength training in tennis players and the use of blood flow restriction methods in the field of athletic performance.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Estimé)

30

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Coordonnées de l'étude

Sauvegarde des contacts de l'étude

Lieux d'étude

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Enfant
  • Adulte

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

Being between 13-18 years old Having regularly attended training sessions for at least one year Having played tennis professionally for at least 3 months Being willing to participate in the training

Exclusion Criteria:

Those who have sustained a sports injury within the last 6 months Those who have taken a break from sports Those using nutritional or medical supplements that may affect performance Those with recent upper extremity injuries or risks Those with diagnosed cardiovascular, respiratory, or neurological disorders that prevent moderate-intensity exercise Those with any diagnosed condition that may be a contraindication for blood flow restriction, such as venous thromboembolism, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, or other clotting disorders

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Comparateur actif: Control Group
The control group will perform elastic band exercises (on day one: Biceps Curls, External Rotation, Resistance Band Row, Pronation - Supination, Lateral Shoulder Stretch, Lawn Mower Row; on day two: Push Ups, Internal Rotation, Lat Pull Down, Side Lateral Raises, Triceps Overhead Extensions, Band High Pull) without occlusion, twice a week for 8 weeks.
Elastic band exercises (day one: Biceps Curls, External Rotation, Resistance Band Row, Pronation - Supination, Lateral Shoulder Stretch, Lawn Mower Row; day two: Push Ups, Internal Rotation, Lat Pull Down, Side Lateral Raises, Triceps Overhead Extensions, Band High Pull) twice a week for 8 weeks without occlusion.
Expérimental: Study group
The study group will perform upper extremity exercises (day one: Biceps Curls, External Rotation, Resistance Band Row, Pronation - Supination, Lateral Shoulder Stretch, Lawn Mower Row; day two: Push Ups, Internal Rotation, Lat Pull Down, Side Lateral Raises, Triceps Overhead Extensions, Band High Pull) and elastic band exercises twice a week for 8 weeks under occlusion using 7 cm wide pneumatic cuffs applied to the proximal arm at 30% of arterial occlusion pressure.
Arterial blood flow pressure will be determined using a pulse oximeter, and exercise will be performed at 30% pressure. Arterial Occlusion Pressure Determination: Limb occlusion pressure will be determined using a pulse oximeter to identify the minimum pressure at which the brachial artery pulse is occluded. Arterial Occlusion Pressure Determination will be determined using the pulse oximeter method. Cuff pressure will be gradually increased, and pulse, SpO₂, and waveform will be monitored on the pulse oximeter. The pressure at which the pulse and waveform completely disappear will be considered the pressure at which arterial flow is interrupted and will be recorded as Arterial Occlusion Pressure Determination. Pressure for Applying Blood Flow Restrictive Exercises: Pressure will be applied at 30% of the determined Arterial Occlusion Pressure for the upper extremity. Occlusion cuffs will be inflated during each exercise and deflated immediately after the set to allow reperfusion.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Change of Grip Strength
Délai: hange from Baseline Grip Strength at 8 weeks
A Jamar (NY 10533) brand dynamometer, a hydraulic measuring instrument, will be used to measure grip strength. Athletes will be asked to firmly grasp and release the dynamometer once while seated with their arm in adduction, elbow at 90° flexion, forearm in mid-rotation, and hand in a neutral position. Measurements will be repeated three times for each extremity separately (5 seconds contraction, 30 seconds rest), and the average of these three values will be recorded in kilograms.
hange from Baseline Grip Strength at 8 weeks
Change of Upper Extremity Muscle Strength
Délai: Change from Baseline Upper Extremity Muscle Strength at 8 weeks
A Bench Press 1RM test will be administered to evaluate the maximal upper extremity strength of participants. Before the test, participants will be informed about the exercise technique and will perform appropriate warm-up. Participants will lie supine on the bench, with their feet fixed on the ground, and will grip the bar slightly wider than shoulder width. After lowering the bar to chest level in a controlled manner, they will be asked to push it back up for one repetition. The highest weight the participant can lift with correct technique will be recorded in kilograms as the 1RM value. Sufficient rest time will be given between trials, and an observer/assistant researcher will be present during the test for safety purposes.
Change from Baseline Upper Extremity Muscle Strength at 8 weeks
Change of Upper Body Strength
Délai: Change from Baseline Upper Body Strength at 8 weeks
The 30-second arm curl test will be used to assess upper extremity muscle strength. Participants will use a 3 kg dumbbell during the test. Participants will be instructed to sit in a straight-backed chair with their feet flat on the floor. The weight will be placed in the dominant hand with a neutral wrist position and an extended elbow. After a brief demonstration and practice, the participant will perform as many arm curls as possible within 30 seconds. The total number of completed movements will be considered for analysis.
Change from Baseline Upper Body Strength at 8 weeks
Change of The International Tennis Number
Délai: Change from Baseline The International Tennis Number at 8 weeks
The International Tennis Number-ITN Test will be used to determine the participants' skill levels. The ITN Field Assessment is a tennis skill assessment method developed by the International Tennis Federation.
Change from Baseline The International Tennis Number at 8 weeks
Change of Level of Exertion
Délai: Change from Baseline Perceived Exertion Level at 8 weeks
Borg Rated Exertion Scale In addition, the Borg Rated Exertion Scale (RPE) was used to determine the level of exertion perceived by athletes during exercise. The Borg Scale is a measurement tool that subjectively evaluates the intensity of exercise and is rated between 6 and 20, and it has been reported to show significant relationships between perceived exertion and physiological load indicators (heart rate, respiratory rate, and muscle fatigue).
Change from Baseline Perceived Exertion Level at 8 weeks
Change of Satisfaction and Change Level
Délai: Change from Baseline Satisfaction and Change Level at 8 weeks
The Global Change Scale will be used to assess the overall level of change perceived by participants after the exercise program. This scale allows individuals to compare their current state with their pre-intervention state and indicate whether they have seen improvement, deterioration, or no change. The scale will be scored between -7 and +7, where -7 means "significant deterioration," 0 means "no change," and +7 means "significant improvement." Participants will be asked to rate the changes they feel in their overall performance, grip strength, and physical condition at the end of the 8-week exercise program using this scale.
Change from Baseline Satisfaction and Change Level at 8 weeks

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Height in Meters
Délai: Initial assessment before the exercise program.
The height of all subjects in meters (m) will be noted before the exercise program.
Initial assessment before the exercise program.
Weight in Kilograms
Délai: Initial assessment before the exercise program.
The weight of all subjects in kilograms (kg) will be noted before the exercise program.
Initial assessment before the exercise program.
Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m^2
Délai: Initial assessment before exercise program.
Body Mass Index (BMI) will be calculated with the formula weight (kg)/height (m)^2.
Initial assessment before exercise program.

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Les enquêteurs

  • Chercheur principal: Neriman Temel Aksu, Akdeniz University

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Estimé)

1 août 2026

Achèvement primaire (Estimé)

1 février 2027

Achèvement de l'étude (Estimé)

30 avril 2027

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

24 juin 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

24 juin 2026

Première publication (Réel)

30 juin 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

30 juin 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

24 juin 2026

Dernière vérification

1 juin 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

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INDÉCIS

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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