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Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use in Nepalese University Students

1 septembre 2026 mis à jour par: Suraj Shakya, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Effectiveness of a Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use Among Undergraduate Students in Nepal: A Quasi-Experimental Trial

Problematic internet use, using the internet in ways that interfere with daily life, is a growing concern among university students in Nepal, where studies report prevalence rates between 21.5% and 35.4%. Despite this, structured, evidence-based intervention trials in Nepalese academic settings remain scarce.

This study tested a six-session group program based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps people change unhelpful behaviors around internet use. Sessions lasted 90 minutes and were delivered weekly by supervised Master's-level psychology students who completed 40 hours of CBT training, which the makes the program affordable and scalable for university settings.

Fifty-nine undergraduate students took part: 30 received the group program and 29 formed the comparison group. Both groups completed the Internet Addiction Test and the General Self-Efficacy Scale at five time points: before the program, immediately after, and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months later.

Students in the program showed significantly greater reductions in internet addiction symptoms than the comparison group immediately after the program (p = .049) and at 1 month, where a large effect was observed (d = -0.83, p = .003). At 3 months, the difference between groups was no longer statistically significant because the comparison group also continued to improve; however, the program group maintained a large reduction from baseline (d = 1.18). Students in the program also showed a significant increase in self-efficacy that remained stable through every follow-up (all p < .032). Adherence and acceptability were high: participants attended an average of 5.06 of 6 sessions, 80% attended at least 5 sessions, and satisfaction with the therapy reached 78.3% of the maximum possible score.

These findings suggest that a structured, group-based CBT program is an effective and acceptable approach for managing problematic internet use among Nepalese undergraduates and offers a potentially scalable framework for academic institutions in low-resource settings.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

59

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

  • Népal
    • Kathmandu
      • Kathmandu, Kathmandu, Népal, 44600
        • Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Undergraduate students enrolled at colleges affiliated with Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Internet Addiction Test score above 30 (mild, moderate, or severe categories of problematic internet use) at Phase 1 screening
  • Willing to provide informed consent and to attend scheduled group sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • IAT score of 30 or below at Phase 1 screening (did not meet inclusion criteria)
  • Declined to participate / unwilling to provide informed consent
  • Withdrawal before the first intervention session

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: La prévention
  • Répartition: Non randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Experimental
Participants received the six-session group cognitive-behavioral intervention for problematic internet use, delivered weekly in 90-minute group sessions. Delivered across three cohorts: Cohort 1 (single college: n = 8), Cohort 2 (single college: n = 12), and Cohort 3 (mixed colleges: n = 10). Assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months.
Comportemental: Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Problematic Internet Use
A six-session manualized group program for problematic internet use among Nepalese undergraduates delivered weekly in 90-minute sessions. Grounded in cognitive-behavioral therapy, Young's CBT-IA model, and Davis's cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Sessions 1-2: orientation, psychoeducation, behavioral monitoring, and planning healthier internet habits (behavior modification). Session 3: cognitive restructuring. Sessions 4-5: harm reduction and emotional/psychological drivers of addiction. Session 6: relapse prevention and consolidation. Culturally adapted for Nepalese youth through multidisciplinary expert review (clinical psychologists, psychiatry, Ayurveda/Yoga, clinical psychology residents). Facilitated by two Master's-level psychology trainees after 40 hours of supervised CBT training by the project lead, with weekly supervision and a structured manual for fidelity.
Aucune intervention: Control
Participants received no intervention during the trial period. Assessed on the same schedule as the experimental group: baseline, immediately post-intervention, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Delivered across the same three cohorts (Cohort 1: n = 8; Cohort 2: n = 11; Cohort 3: n = 10).

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Internet Addiction Test Score
Délai: Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)
20-item Internet Addiction Test evaluating the severity of problematic internet use on a 0-5 Likert scale (Young, 1998); higher scores indicate more severe problematic internet use. In this study, scores ≥ 31 defined "mild" to "severe" problematic use.
Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
General Self-Efficacy Scale Score
Délai: Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)
10-item Nepali version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale assessing broad optimistic self-beliefs regarding general coping ability (Schwarzer et al., 1997); higher scores indicate greater general self-efficacy. Change from baseline was the analysis metric.
Baseline (pre-intervention), Week 6 (post-intervention), Week 8 (2-week follow-up), Week 10 (1-month follow-up), and Week 18 (3-month follow-up)

Autres mesures de résultats

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale-Revised Score
Délai: Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (Immediately after each intervention session)
13-item STTS-R (Oei & Green, 2008), administered online to the experimental group after each session with anonymity maintained from facilitators; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with the therapy and the therapist. Analyzed using the Percentage of Maximum Possible method.
Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (Immediately after each intervention session)
Session Attendance
Délai: Week 6, based on attendance during Weeks 1-6 (experimental arm only)
Number of the six sessions attended, used as an indicator of participant adherence
Week 6, based on attendance during Weeks 1-6 (experimental arm only)

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Les enquêteurs

  • Directeur d'études: Suraj Shakya, PhD, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

3 décembre 2024

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

5 août 2025

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

5 août 2025

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

27 août 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

1 septembre 2026

Première publication (Réel)

8 septembre 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

8 septembre 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

1 septembre 2026

Dernière vérification

1 septembre 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • TribhuvanU
  • TU-NPAR-079/80 EFRG-11 (Autre subvention/numéro de financement: Tribhuvan University)
  • ERBTU-081-001 (Autre identifiant: Tribhuvan University Ethical Review Board)

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

INDÉCIS

Description du régime IPD

De-identified individual participant data and the study protocol will be shared upon reasonable request to the corresponding author, subject to approval by the Ethical Review Board of Tribhuvan University.

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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