Neuroimaging of Smokers With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Neuropharmacology of Response Inhibition in Comorbid ADHD and Nicotine Dependence
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how nicotine, withdrawal from nicotine, and methylphenidate (a drug used for the treatment of ADHD) affect the brain of smokers with and without ADHD while doing tasks in an functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner.
Study Hypotheses:
- compared to non-ADHD smokers, smokers with ADHD will exhibit greater abstinence-induced decrements in response inhibition performance and reward and greater concomitant disruptions of brain activity
- administration of MPH to abstinent smokers will ameliorate response inhibition performance and reward deficits and task-related brain activation and this effect will be greater among ADHD smokers
- genetic markers of dopamine neurotransmission will moderate abstinence- and MPH - induced changes in task-related brain activation across tasks.
調査の概要
詳細な説明
Individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) smoke more than the general population, initiate use at a younger age, and report more difficulty trying to quit. The overarching goal of the present application is to use neuroimaging, neuropharmacological and molecular genetic techniques to study the neurobiological basis of abstinence-induced deficits in response inhibition in ADHD and non-ADHD smokers. Twenty smokers with ADHD and 20 smokers without ADHD will undergo imaging during a Go/No-Go task under the following conditions: 1) smoking as usual, 2) 24 hr smoking abstinence, and 3) 24 hr smoking abstinence + methylphenidate (MPH). We hypothesize that compared to smoking as usual, 24 hr smoking abstinence will result in decrements in response inhibition and disruption of task-related brain activation. These effects will be greater in ADHD as compared to non-ADHD smokers. We further hypothesize that MPH administration during abstinence will restore performance and brain indices of response inhibition and that the magnitude of the effect of MPH will be greater among smokers with ADHD. In addition to the above aims, we will preliminarily evaluate the moderating effects of the dopamine receptor D4 7-repeat allele on task-related brain activation following smoking abstinence and MPH administration.
During the study, 101 subjects signed consents and 38 subjects completed the study.
研究の種類
入学 (実際)
連絡先と場所
研究場所
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North Carolina
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Durham、North Carolina、アメリカ、27705
- Duke Child and Family Study Center//Duke Health Behavior Neuroscience Research Program
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参加基準
適格基準
就学可能な年齢
健康ボランティアの受け入れ
受講資格のある性別
サンプリング方法
調査対象母集団
説明
Inclusion Criteria:
- generally healthy, between the ages of 18-50yrs,
- smoking at least 10 cigarettes/day of a brand delivering ≥0.5 mg nicotine according to the standard Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method,
- an expired Carbon Monoxide concentration of at least 10ppm (to confirm inhalation) or a positive urine cotinine test (Nicalert ™) of 3 or greater,
- no interest in quitting smoking as measured by self-report,
- right-handed as measured by a three item scale used in our laboratory.
Exclusion Criteria:
- unable to attend all required experimental sessions,
- have significant health problems (e.g., chronic hypertension, emphysema, seizure disorders, history of significant heart problems),
- use of psychoactive medications with the exception of ADHD pharmacotherapies among ADHD diagnosed participants (see washout procedures below)
- use of smokeless tobacco
- current or past year alcohol or drug abuse,
- use of illegal drugs as measured by urine drug screen or self report
- current use of nicotine replacement therapy or other smoking cessation treatment,
- presence of conditions that would make MRI unsafe (e.g., pacemaker, metal objects in the body, IUD),
- if they are female and pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant.
研究計画
研究はどのように設計されていますか？
デザインの詳細
コホートと介入
グループ/コホート |
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ADHD and non-ADHD Smokers
Those that are defined as regular smokers (10 cigarettes/day or Carbon Monoxide reading of 10 ppm).
The group will then be split into those diagnosed with ADHD/ADD and controls for comparison.
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この研究は何を測定していますか？
主要な結果の測定
結果測定 |
メジャーの説明 |
時間枠 |
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To evaluate the effects of smoking abstinence on response inhibition brain function in smokers with and without ADHD.
時間枠：July 2009 through December 2013
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Smokers will undergo three functional Magnetic Resonance Image scanning sessions while performing a task that measures response inhibition (Go/Go/No-Go task) Scanning will take place in the following conditions: smoking as usual + placebo pill, 24 hr smoking abstinence + placebo pill and 24 hr abstinence + methylphenidate (MPH).
Methylphenidate is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and its administration will allow us to evaluate the role of dopamine neurotransmission on response inhibition in the context of smoking abstinence.
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July 2009 through December 2013
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協力者と研究者
スポンサー
捜査官
- 主任研究者：Francis J McClernon, Ph.D.、Duke Health
研究記録日
主要日程の研究
研究開始
一次修了 (実際)
研究の完了 (実際)
試験登録日
最初に提出
QC基準を満たした最初の提出物
最初の投稿 (見積もり)
学習記録の更新
投稿された最後の更新 (実際)
QC基準を満たした最後の更新が送信されました
最終確認日
詳しくは
本研究に関する用語
キーワード
その他の研究ID番号
- Pro00009085
- 1R01DA024838-01A1 (米国 NIH グラント/契約)
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