Treatment of Pectoralis Trigger Points in Patients With Pseudo Angina (GT-LIC)

実験的：Graston Technique

articipants assigned to this arm received the Graston Technique, an instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization intervention, applied to the identified myofascial trigger points of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. The intervention was performed after a gentle Z-stretch of the targeted muscles as baseline treatment. A stainless-steel Graston instrument was applied using controlled strokes at approximately a 45° angle to the skin surface, following the direction of the muscle fibers and across the fibers to mobilize soft tissue restrictions. The treatment was applied for approximately 40-120 seconds over each targeted area.

他の：Graston Technique

A stainless-steel Graston instrument was applied using controlled strokes at approximately a 45° angle to the skin surface, following the direction of the muscle fibers and across the fibers to mobilize soft tissue restrictions. The treatment was applied for approximately 40-120 seconds over each targeted area.

実験的：Local Ischemic Compression

Participants assigned to this arm received LIC applied to the identified myofascial trigger points of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Following a gentle Z-stretch of the targeted muscles as baseline treatment, sustained manual pressure was applied gradually over each trigger point until a tolerable level of discomfort was achieved. The compression was maintained for approximately 90 seconds per trigger point and repeated 1-3 times during each treatment session according to patient tolerance and clinical response. The technique was performed using the therapist's thumb, finger, or knuckle depending on the location and depth of the trigger point. Participants received four physiotherapy sessions over a two-week period, with sessions conducted on alternate days.

他の：Local Ischemic Compression

Sustained manual pressure was applied gradually over each trigger point until a tolerable level of discomfort was achieved. The compression was maintained for approximately 90 seconds per trigger point and repeated 1-3 times during each treatment session according to patient tolerance and clinical response. The technique was performed using the therapist's thumb, finger, or knuckle depending on the location and depth of the trigger point

Shoulder Pain Disability Index

The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index is a well-known neutral measure for assessing the level of pain and functional impairment experienced by people with shoulder issues. It is frequently used in clinical and research settings to assess the severity of shoulder problems and track therapy efficacy. It consists of 13 elements organized into two subscales. The Pain Subscale consists of five items that determine how intense pain is in various circumstances, such as at rest or during activities. The disability subscale consists of eight items: it assesses the level of difficulty with specific everyday shoulder-related tasks, such as lifting weights or putting on a shir

Numeric Pain Rating Scale

NPRS was used as a primary outcome measure to evaluate pain intensity in patients with pseudo-angina. On the scale, 0 represents no discomfort and 10 represents severe pain. At rest and while engaging in activities, participants were asked to rate their level of pain.