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Minimally-invasive ICG-guided Retroperitoneal Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in the Primary Staging of Testicular Cancer Versus Standard of Care (RAISN 2)

8 juli 2026 bijgewerkt door: Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf

RAISN 2: Prospective Randomized Trial of Minimally-invasive ICG-guided Retroperitoneal Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in the Primary Staging of Testicular Cancer Versus Standard of Care

Testicular cancer is highly curable, but approximately 20-30% of patients with clinical stage I disease harbor occult retroperitoneal lymph node metastases that are not detected by conventional imaging. Current risk-adapted management may lead to overtreatment in some patients while failing to identify others who are at increased risk of relapse.

The RAISN 2 study evaluates whether minimally invasive indocyanine green (ICG)-guided retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node dissection can improve primary staging and risk stratification in patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer. Participants will be randomized in a 5:1 ratio to undergo either orchiectomy combined with ICG-guided sentinel lymph node dissection or standard orchiectomy followed by guideline-based surveillance.

All participants will undergo structured follow-up according to current clinical guidelines. The primary objective is to estimate the 2-year relapse-free survival of patients undergoing the sentinel lymph node approach. Secondary objectives include assessment of overall survival, relapse patterns, perioperative morbidity, quality of life, psychological outcomes, and the feasibility and safety of the procedure.

This multicenter study aims to determine whether sentinel lymph node-guided staging provides more accurate risk stratification while avoiding unnecessary treatment and maintaining oncological safety.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common solid malignancy in young adult men and are associated with excellent long-term survival when managed appropriately. In patients with clinical stage I disease, approximately 20-30% harbor occult retroperitoneal lymph node metastases despite the absence of radiologically detectable disease. Current management strategies rely on histopathological risk factors to guide surveillance or adjuvant treatment; however, these factors have limited predictive accuracy and may result in both overtreatment and undertreatment.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has been successfully established in several solid malignancies as a minimally invasive method for detecting occult lymphatic metastases. The RAISN feasibility study demonstrated that minimally invasive indocyanine green (ICG)-guided retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node dissection is technically feasible in patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer, achieving a 100% sentinel lymph node detection rate without increasing perioperative morbidity. These findings provide the basis for prospective validation in a larger patient population.

RAISN 2 is a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial designed to evaluate whether ICG-guided retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node dissection improves primary staging and risk stratification in patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer. Eligible participants will be randomized in a 5:1 ratio to receive either minimally invasive ICG-guided sentinel lymph node dissection combined with inguinal orchiectomy (intervention arm) or inguinal orchiectomy followed by guideline-based surveillance (control arm). The unequal allocation was chosen to maximize the prospective evaluation of the novel staging procedure while maintaining a concurrent reference group.

In the intervention arm, indocyanine green is injected into the affected testis immediately before minimally invasive retroperitoneal exploration. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is used to identify and remove sentinel lymph nodes for histopathological evaluation. After surgery, patients in both study arms undergo guideline-based surveillance without routine adjuvant treatment. In the event of disease recurrence, salvage therapy is administered according to current national and international guidelines.

The primary objective of the study is to estimate the 2-year relapse-free survival of patients undergoing the sentinel lymph node strategy. Secondary objectives include evaluation of overall survival, relapse patterns, time to relapse, perioperative morbidity, postoperative complications, quality of life, psychological outcomes, technical feasibility, and safety of the procedure. In addition, translational analyses using prospectively collected blood and tissue samples will explore clinicopathological and molecular factors associated with oncological outcomes.

The results of this study are expected to determine whether minimally invasive ICG-guided sentinel lymph node dissection can provide more accurate nodal staging, reduce unnecessary treatment, and maintain oncological safety in patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

171

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

  • Duitsland
    • Baden-Wurttemberg
      • Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg, Duitsland, 89081
    • Bavaria
      • Würzburg, Bavaria, Duitsland, 97080
        • University Hospital Würzburg
        • Contact:
    • Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
      • Hamburg, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Duitsland, 22763
        • Asklepios Klinik Altona
        • Contact:
    • Hesse
      • Marburg, Hesse, Duitsland, 35043
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Saxony
      • Dresden, Saxony, Duitsland, 01307
  • Finland
      • Helsinki, Finland, 00014
        • Helsinki University Hospital
      • Turku, Finland, 20520

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male participants aged 18 years or older.
  • Clinically suspected testicular germ cell tumor based on physical examination and scrotal ultrasonography, with or without elevated serum tumor markers (AFP and/or β-hCG).
  • No radiological evidence of metastatic disease on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen (clinical stage I).
  • Eligible for radical inguinal orchiectomy.
  • Able to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent.
  • Willing and able to comply with the study protocol and follow-up schedule.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous scrotal or retroperitoneal surgery unrelated to germ cell tumor treatment, except surgery for cryptorchidism during childhood.
  • Previous malignancy requiring abdominal surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy that could interfere with study participation.

Previous radiotherapy involving the retroperitoneum.

  • Known hypersensitivity to indocyanine green (ICG), iodine, or sodium iodide.
  • Severe medical condition that precludes surgery or study participation.
  • Psychiatric disorder or other condition preventing compliance with study procedures.
  • Inability to understand the German language sufficiently to provide informed consent and complete study assessments.
  • Individuals under legal guardianship or otherwise unable to provide legally valid informed consent.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: ICG-Guided Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy plus Orchiectomy
Participants undergo minimally invasive ICG-guided retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by radical inguinal orchiectomy. After surgery, patients undergo guideline-based surveillance without routine adjuvant therapy.
Procedure: ICG-Guided Retroperitoneal Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Minimally invasive laparoscopic or robot-assisted retroperitoneal sentinel lymph node biopsy performed after intratesticular injection of indocyanine green (ICG) using near-infrared fluorescence imaging for sentinel lymph node identification.
Actieve vergelijker: Standard Orchiectomy and Surveillance
Participants undergo radical inguinal orchiectomy followed by guideline-based surveillance according to current clinical practice.
Procedure: Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy
Standard radical inguinal orchiectomy performed according to current clinical guidelines.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
2-Year Relapse-Free Survival (RFS)
Tijdsspanne: 24 months after randomization
Relapse-free survival is defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of radiologically or histopathologically confirmed disease recurrence, serological progression according to guideline-based clinical assessment, clinically unequivocal progression requiring salvage therapy, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
24 months after randomization

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Overall Survival
Tijdsspanne: 24 months after randomization
Overall survival is defined as the time from randomization until death from any cause.
24 months after randomization
Time to Tumor Recurrence
Tijdsspanne: 24 months after randomization
Time from randomization to the first documented recurrence.
24 months after randomization
Rate of Salvage Therapy
Tijdsspanne: 24 months after randomization
Proportion of participants requiring salvage treatment including chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, or other oncological treatment.
24 months after randomization
Perioperative Morbidity
Tijdsspanne: up to 30 days after surgery
Perioperative complications graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and the EAU Intraoperative Adverse Incident Classification (EAUiaiC).
up to 30 days after surgery
Postoperative Complications
Tijdsspanne: up to 24 months after surgery
Assessment of postoperative complications and long-term morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.
up to 24 months after surgery
Health-Related Quality of Life
Tijdsspanne: Baseline and annually for 5 years
Quality of life assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-TC26 questionnaires. The EORTC QLQ-C30 is the core, 30-item questionnaire developed by the EORTC Quality of Life Group to evaluate the global health status and general quality of life of cancer patients. It is used alongside disease-specific modules, such as the EORTC QLQ-TC26, which is specifically designed for testicular cancer patients. The combination of these questionnaires ensures that clinicians and researchers capture both the general impacts of a cancer diagnosis and the specific issues pertinent to testicular cancer survivors.
Baseline and annually for 5 years
Technical Feasibility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Tijdsspanne: During surgery
Feasibility assessed by successful completion of the planned minimally invasive sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure according to the study protocol.
During surgery

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Peter Albers, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf
  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Yue Che, University Hospital of Cologne

Publicaties en nuttige links

De persoon die verantwoordelijk is voor het invoeren van informatie over het onderzoek stelt deze publicaties vrijwillig ter beschikking. Dit kan gaan over alles wat met het onderzoek te maken heeft.

Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 januari 2027

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 januari 2029

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 januari 2031

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

2 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

8 juli 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 juli 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

13 juli 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

8 juli 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juli 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • RAISN 2

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data will not be shared outside the study team.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

Deze informatie is zonder wijzigingen rechtstreeks van de website clinicaltrials.gov gehaald. Als u verzoeken heeft om uw onderzoeksgegevens te wijzigen, te verwijderen of bij te werken, neem dan contact op met register@clinicaltrials.gov. Zodra er een wijziging wordt doorgevoerd op clinicaltrials.gov, wordt deze ook automatisch bijgewerkt op onze website .

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