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Effect of Short Foot Exercise Combined With Focused Hip and Knee Exercises on Pain, Q Angle and Functional Outcomes in Female Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

9 juli 2026 bijgewerkt door: Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of short foot exercises combined with focused hip and knee strengthening on pain, Q-angle, and functional outcomes in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Thirty-eight participants aged 18-45 years will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group (short foot + hip and knee exercises) or a control group (hip and knee exercises only) for a 6-week supervised rehabilitation program.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by anterior knee pain, particularly prevalent among females due to anatomical and biomechanical factors. Although conventional rehabilitation focuses on hip and quadriceps strengthening, persistent symptoms suggest the involvement of distal biomechanical contributors such as foot pronation and intrinsic foot muscle weakness.

Short Foot Exercise (SFE) targets intrinsic foot musculature, improves medial longitudinal arch stability, and enhances neuromuscular control. This study investigates whether combining SFE with hip and knee strengthening provides superior outcomes compared to conventional rehabilitation alone.

This study is a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial including 38 female participants aged 18-45 years diagnosed with PFPS. Participants will be randomly allocated into experimental and control groups using a computer-generated sequence with allocation concealment. The intervention will be conducted over 6 weeks, with three supervised sessions per week.

The experimental group will receive short foot exercises along with hip and knee strengthening, while the control group will receive hip and knee strengthening only. Outcome measures including pain (VAS), functional status (Kujala AKPS), and Q-angle will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

The study aims to determine whether a combined proximal-distal rehabilitation approach leads to better improvements in pain, alignment, and functional outcomes.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

38

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Contact Back-up

Studie Locaties

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • NUR FMH System
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
          • Hira Nadeem, MSPT
          • Telefoonnummer: +923094229283

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosed cases of patellofemoral pain syndrome confirmed by this protocol.

  1. Females aged 18-45 years
  2. Anterior or retro patellar knee pain lasting ≥ 6 weeks

  3. Pain provoked by at least one PFJ-loading task, including:

    1. squatting,
    2. stair climbing/descending,
    3. running,
    4. prolonged sitting with knees flexed

  4. Pain elicited by at least two of four clinical tests;

    1. Pain during isometric quadriceps contraction at 20-30° knee flexion
    2. Pain on palpation of the patellofemoral joint line
    3. Pain during patellar compression
    4. Pain during active resisted knee extension

Exclusion Criteria:

History of patellar instability, including subluxation or dislocation 2. Evidence of tibiofemoral pathology, such as: Ligamentous injuries, meniscal tears, and symptomatic knee effusion.

3. Previous knee surgery within the last 12 months 4. Radiographic or clinical knee osteoarthritis. 5. Neurological disorders or systemic inflammatory diseases that may influence gait or pain perception.

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Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Dubbele

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: (Short Foot + Hip and Knee Exercises)
Participants in this group will receive a combined rehabilitation program consisting of short foot exercises (SFE) along with focused hip and knee strengthening exercises. The intervention aims to address both distal (foot) and proximal (hip and knee) biomechanical factors contributing to patellofemoral pain syndrome. The program will be supervised, conducted three times per week for 6 weeks, with progressive advancement from non-weight-bearing to functional weight-bearing activities.
Ander: Short foot exercise + Hip and Knee Strengthening exercise

Short Foot Exercises (SFE) Structured intrinsic foot muscle training involving medial longitudinal arch elevation without toe flexion, progressing from seated to standing and functional positions.

Hip and Knee Strengthening Exercises Progressive strengthening program targeting hip abductors, external rotators, and quadriceps muscles through functional and resistance-based exercises.
Actieve vergelijker: (Hip and Knee Exercises Only)
Participants in this group will receive a conventional rehabilitation program consisting of focused hip and knee strengthening exercises only. This program targets proximal muscle groups responsible for patellofemoral joint stability and function. The intervention will be supervised, conducted three times per week for 6 weeks, and matched in duration and intensity to the experimental group.
Ander: Hip and Knee Strengthening Exercises
Hip and Knee Strengthening Exercises alone Progressive strengthening program focusing on hip abductors, external rotators, and quadriceps muscles, including both non-weight-bearing and functional weight-bearing exercises.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Kujala Anterior knee pain scale (AKPS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention
The Kujala AKPS is a 13-item questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate symptoms and functional limitations associated with patellofemoral disorders. It assesses domains such as limping, walking, running, stair climbing, squatting, sitting, swelling, and pain. Total scores range from 0 to 100. Scores ranging 90-100 indicating better knee function while score range from 0-50 shows significant pain and functional impairment.
Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention
Visual Analogue Scale
Tijdsspanne: Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention
The Visual Analogue Scale is a 10-cm line used to assess the intensity of pain. Participants mark a point on the line that represents their current level of pain, ranging from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain. The distance in centimeters is measured to quantify pain severity.
Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Q angle
Tijdsspanne: Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention
The Q-angle represents the quadriceps pull angle, measured using a universal goniometer by aligning landmarks at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), center of patella, and tibial tuberosity. Patient lies in a supine relaxed position with knee extended. Fulcrum of goniometer is placed directly over the center of patella and stationary arm is aligned with the line connecting ASIS to midpoint of patella while the moving arm is aligned with the line connecting tibial tuberosity to the midpoint of patella. It provides insight into lower-limb alignment and patellar tracking mechanics. Normal Q angle measurement in females ranges from 13-19 degrees. Altered or increased Q-angles have been associated with PFPS and patellar maltracking.
Baseline measurement and after 6 weeks intervention

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences

Onderzoekers

  • Studie stoel: Shoaib Waqas, PHD PT, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

18 juli 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

30 oktober 2026

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

15 november 2026

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

9 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

9 juli 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

14 juli 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

14 juli 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

9 juli 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 juli 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • UBAS/ERB/26/04/032

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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