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Ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography Assessment of Entheses in Psoriatic Arthritis (SWE-PsA)

20 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Marmara University

Ultrasonography and Shear Wave Elastography Assessment of Enthesis Sites in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis and Their Relationship With Disease Characteristics

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that frequently involves the entheses, where tendons, ligaments, and fascia insert into bone. Early detection of enthesitis is important for disease assessment and management. Conventional musculoskeletal ultrasonography, including grayscale and Power Doppler ultrasonography, can identify structural and inflammatory changes, while shear wave elastography (SWE) provides quantitative information about tissue stiffness. This observational cross-sectional study aims to evaluate bilateral enthesis sites using grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and SWE in patients with PsA and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The study will investigate the relationship between imaging findings and clinical disease characteristics, disease activity, functional status, and laboratory parameters. The findings may improve understanding of enthesis involvement in PsA and clarify the potential role of multimodal ultrasound assessment, including SWE, in disease evaluation.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease associated with psoriasis and characterized by peripheral arthritis, axial involvement, dactylitis, and enthesitis. Enthesitis, defined as inflammation at the insertion sites of tendons, ligaments, fascia, or joint capsules into bone, is considered one of the hallmark manifestations of PsA and may contribute substantially to pain, functional impairment, and structural damage. Early and accurate assessment of enthesitis is essential for disease evaluation and management. However, clinical examination alone has limited sensitivity for detecting subclinical or early entheseal inflammation.

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography has become an important imaging modality for the evaluation of enthesitis. Grayscale ultrasonography allows assessment of structural abnormalities such as tendon thickening, hypoechogenicity, calcifications, enthesophytes, erosions, and bursitis, while Power Doppler ultrasonography enables the detection of active vascularization associated with ongoing inflammation. In addition, shear wave elastography (SWE) is an ultrasound-based technique that quantitatively measures tissue stiffness and may identify biomechanical changes that are not detectable with conventional ultrasonography. Combining grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and SWE may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of entheseal involvement in PsA.

This is a single-center, observational, cross-sectional study conducted at Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital. The study will include patients with psoriatic arthritis fulfilling the CASPAR classification criteria and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Bilateral enthesis sites included in the Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index (MASEI) will be evaluated using grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography. Clinical assessments will include disease activity indices, patient-reported outcome measures, functional assessments, and laboratory inflammatory markers.

The primary objective of the study is to compare ultrasonographic and elastographic findings between patients with PsA and healthy controls. Secondary objectives are to investigate the relationships between imaging findings and disease activity, disease duration, clinical characteristics, functional status, and laboratory parameters. The study aims to determine the potential contribution of shear wave elastography, in combination with conventional ultrasonography and Power Doppler imaging, to the assessment of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Studietype

Observationeel

Inschrijving (Geschat)

60

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen
  • Oudere volwassene

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Bemonsteringsmethode

Niet-waarschijnlijkheidssteekproef

Studie Bevolking

The study population will consist of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis according to the Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) who are followed at the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without inflammatory rheumatic disease. Patients with psoriatic arthritis will undergo clinical evaluation, laboratory assessment, grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography of bilateral enthesis sites included in the Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index (MASEI). Demographic data will be collected from healthy volunteers, who will undergo the same ultrasonographic and shear wave elastography assessments.

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Psoriatic arthritis group:

    1. Adults aged 18 years or older.
    2. Diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis according to the Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR).
    3. Ability to provide written informed consent.
    4. Willingness to undergo clinical assessment, laboratory evaluation, grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography.

  • Healthy control group:

    1. Adults aged 18 years or older.
    2. No history or diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic disease.
    3. Age- and sex-matched to the psoriatic arthritis group.
    4. Ability to provide written informed consent.
    5. Willingness to undergo grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Psoriatic arthritis group:

    1. Age younger than 18 years.
    2. Refusal to participate in the study or inability/unwillingness to provide written informed consent.
    3. Inability to complete the clinical or ultrasonographic assessments.
    4. History of surgery, fracture, major trauma, or tendon rupture involving the enthesis sites to be evaluated.
    5. Local corticosteroid injection, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), prolotherapy, or other local interventional treatment at the enthesis sites to be evaluated within the previous 3 months.
    6. Presence of acute traumatic tendinopathy, active soft tissue infection, open wound, or ulcer at the enthesis sites to be evaluated.
    7. Diagnosis of another inflammatory rheumatic disease or connective tissue disease other than psoriatic arthritis.
    8. Active infection, active malignancy, or severe systemic disease that may interfere with study assessments.

  • Healthy control group:

    1. Age younger than 18 years.
    2. Refusal to participate in the study or inability/unwillingness to provide written informed consent.
    3. Inability to complete the clinical or ultrasonographic assessments.
    4. History or diagnosis of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or any other inflammatory rheumatic disease.
    5. History of surgery, fracture, major trauma, or tendon rupture involving the enthesis sites to be evaluated.
    6. Local corticosteroid injection, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), prolotherapy, or other local interventional treatment at the enthesis sites to be evaluated within the previous 3 months.
    7. Presence of acute traumatic tendinopathy, active soft tissue infection, open wound, or ulcer at the enthesis sites to be evaluated.
    8. Active infection, active malignancy, or severe systemic disease that may interfere with study assessments.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

Cohorten en interventies

Groep / Cohort
Interventie / Behandeling
Psoriatic Arthritis
Patients aged 18 years or older with psoriatic arthritis fulfilling the CASPAR classification criteria. Participants will undergo clinical assessment, laboratory evaluation, grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography of bilateral enthesis sites.
Diagnostische toets: Grayscale Ultrasonography, Power Doppler Ultrasonography, and Shear Wave Elastography
Participants will undergo standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation of bilateral enthesis sites, including grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography. The imaging protocol will be identical for both the psoriatic arthritis and healthy control groups. No therapeutic intervention will be administered as part of the study.
Healthy Controls
Age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without inflammatory rheumatic disease. Participants will undergo grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography of bilateral enthesis sites using the same imaging protocol as the psoriatic arthritis group.
Diagnostische toets: Grayscale Ultrasonography, Power Doppler Ultrasonography, and Shear Wave Elastography
Participants will undergo standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation of bilateral enthesis sites, including grayscale ultrasonography, Power Doppler ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography. The imaging protocol will be identical for both the psoriatic arthritis and healthy control groups. No therapeutic intervention will be administered as part of the study.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Total Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index (MASEI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Comparison of the total Madrid Sonography Enthesitis Index (MASEI) score between patients with psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls. The total MASEI score is calculated by combining the predefined grayscale ultrasonography and Power Doppler findings assessed at six bilateral enthesis sites: the plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, proximal and distal patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and triceps tendon insertions. The total score ranges from 0 to 136 points, with higher scores indicating greater entheseal involvement.
Baseline
Shear Wave Elastography Young's Modulus of Bilateral Enthesis Sites
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Comparison of shear wave elastography measurements between patients with psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls. Young's modulus will be measured in kilopascals (kPa) at the bilateral plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, proximal and distal patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and triceps tendon insertions. Three separate SWE images will be acquired at each enthesis site, with two 1-mm circular regions of interest placed on each image, resulting in a total of six measurements per enthesis. The arithmetic mean of the six measurements will be used as the SWE value for that enthesis. Results will be evaluated separately for each enthesis site.
Baseline
Shear Wave Elastography Shear Wave Velocity of Bilateral Enthesis Sites
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Comparison of shear wave velocity measurements between patients with psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls. Shear wave velocity will be measured in meters per second (m/s) at the bilateral plantar fascia, Achilles tendon, proximal and distal patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and triceps tendon insertions. Three separate SWE images will be acquired at each enthesis site, with two 1-mm circular regions of interest placed on each image, resulting in a total of six measurements per enthesis. The arithmetic mean of the six measurements will be used as the shear wave velocity value for that enthesis. Results will be evaluated separately for each enthesis site.
Baseline

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Physical function in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), which consists of 20 items covering eight domains of daily functioning. Each domain is scored from 0 to 3, and the overall HAQ-DI score ranges from 0 to 3 points. Higher scores indicate greater functional disability.
Baseline
Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Hand-related functional disability in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI), which consists of 18 items evaluating activities of daily living. Each item is scored from 0 to 5, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 90 points. Higher scores indicate greater hand-related functional disability.
Baseline
12-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Physical health-related quality of life in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Physical Component Summary of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (PCS-12). The score ranges from 0 to 100 points, with higher scores indicating better physical health-related quality of life.
Baseline
12-Item Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Mental health-related quality of life in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Mental Component Summary of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (MCS-12). The score ranges from 0 to 100 points, with higher scores indicating better mental health-related quality of life.
Baseline
Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Fibromyalgia-related symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST). The questionnaire consists of six yes-or-no items. Each affirmative response is scored as 1 point, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 6 points. Higher scores indicate a greater likelihood of fibromyalgia, and a score of 5 or 6 is considered a positive screening result.
Baseline
Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Level
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Systemic inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed by measuring the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level. CRP will be reported in milligrams per liter (mg/L), with higher values indicating greater systemic inflammation.
Baseline
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Systemic inflammation in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR will be reported in millimeters per hour (mm/hour), with higher values indicating greater systemic inflammation.
Baseline
Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Peripheral joint disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA). The score is calculated as the sum of the 68-joint tender joint count, 66-joint swollen joint count, patient global assessment measured on a 0-to-10 scale, patient pain assessment measured on a 0-to-10 scale, and C-reactive protein level expressed in mg/dL. The minimum possible score is 0, and there is no fixed maximum because C-reactive protein is included as a continuous variable. Higher scores indicate greater disease activity. Scores of 4 or lower indicate remission; scores above 4 and up to 14 indicate low disease activity; scores above 14 and up to 28 indicate moderate disease activity; and scores above 28 indicate high disease activity.
Baseline
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Axial and related disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). The index consists of six questions evaluating fatigue, spinal pain, peripheral joint pain or swelling, enthesitis, morning stiffness severity, and morning stiffness duration. Each question is scored from 0 to 10. The mean of the two morning stiffness item scores is calculated. This mean and the scores of the remaining four items are summed and divided by five, resulting in an overall score ranging from 0 to 10 points. Higher scores indicate greater disease activity.
Baseline
Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score Using C-Reactive Protein (ASDAS-CRP)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Axial disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP). The score combines back pain, duration of morning stiffness, patient global assessment, and peripheral joint pain or swelling, each assessed on a 0-to-10 scale, with the C-reactive protein level expressed in mg/L. The minimum possible score is 0, and there is no fixed maximum because C-reactive protein is included as a continuous variable. Higher scores indicate greater disease activity. Scores below 1.3 indicate inactive disease, scores from 1.3 to below 2.1 indicate low disease activity, scores from 2.1 to 3.5 indicate high disease activity, and scores above 3.5 indicate very high disease activity.
Baseline
Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) Status
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Minimal disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the established MDA criteria. A patient will be classified as achieving MDA when at least five of the following seven criteria are met: tender joint count of 1 or lower; swollen joint count of 1 or lower; Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of 1 or lower or affected body surface area of 3% or lower; patient pain visual analogue scale score of 15 mm or lower; patient global disease activity visual analogue scale score of 20 mm or lower; Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index score of 0.5 or lower; and tender entheseal point count of 1 or lower. MDA status will be recorded as a binary categorical outcome: achieved or not achieved.
Baseline
Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Psoriasis severity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). The index combines the extent of affected body surface area with the severity of erythema, induration, and scaling across four body regions: the head, upper extremities, trunk, and lower extremities. The total score ranges from 0 to 72 points, with higher scores indicating more severe psoriasis.
Baseline
Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Clinical enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using the Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI). Tenderness will be evaluated at six entheseal sites: the bilateral lateral epicondyles, bilateral medial femoral condyles, and bilateral Achilles tendon insertions. Each tender site is scored as 1 point and each non-tender site as 0 points, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 6 points. Higher scores indicate a greater burden of clinical enthesitis.
Baseline
Patient Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Pain severity in patients with psoriatic arthritis will be assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain severity.
Baseline
Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Overall disease activity from the patient's perspective will be assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no disease activity and 10 indicates the highest possible disease activity. Higher scores indicate greater patient-perceived disease activity.
Baseline
Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGA) Score
Tijdsspanne: Baseline
Overall disease activity from the physician's perspective will be assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no disease activity and 10 indicates the highest possible disease activity. Higher scores indicate greater physician-assessed disease activity.
Baseline

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

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Sponsor

Marmara University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

27 juli 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

27 juli 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

27 juli 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

26 juli 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

20 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

20 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • Marmara FTR ZMK 02

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Beschrijving IPD-plan

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because this is a single-center observational study conducted as part of an academic thesis. Data will be used only for the purposes described in the study protocol and managed in accordance with institutional ethics committee requirements and applicable data protection regulations.

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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