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The Effect of Mandala Coloring, Sleep Quality, Anxiety With Premenstrual Syndrome

21 augustus 2026 bijgewerkt door: Ayca Solt Kirca, Kırklareli University

The Effect of Mandala Coloring on Sleep Quality and Anxiety Levels in Students With Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age and is characterized by a range of physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that may negatively affect daily functioning, social relationships, academic and occupational life, and psychological well-being. Anxiety and sleep disturbances are among the commonly reported problems associated with PMS. Mandala coloring, as an accessible and easy-to-use art-based activity that does not require specific skills, may promote psychological relaxation, reduce anxiety, and improve sleep quality. However, the effects of mandala coloring on sleep quality and anxiety among women experiencing PMS have not been directly investigated. Therefore, this clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of a mandala coloring intervention on sleep quality and anxiety levels in women with PMS. The findings may provide evidence for the use of mandala coloring as a simple, accessible, and non-pharmacological approach to support the management of PMS-related symptoms.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition among women of reproductive age, characterized by physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that may negatively affect quality of life, social and occupational functioning, sleep, and psychological well-being. Previous studies have demonstrated that PMS is associated with reduced sleep quality and increased anxiety. Non-pharmacological approaches, including art-based interventions, have recently gained attention as supportive strategies for managing PMS-related symptoms. Mandala coloring is a simple, accessible, and low-cost activity that does not require specific artistic skills and has been associated with reduced anxiety, stress, and psychological distress in previous studies.

Although previous research has examined the relationship between PMS, sleep quality, and anxiety, and other studies have investigated the potential benefits of art-based interventions, there is limited evidence regarding the direct effects of mandala coloring on sleep quality and anxiety among women with PMS. Therefore, this clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of a structured mandala coloring intervention on sleep quality and anxiety levels in women experiencing PMS. The findings may provide evidence for a simple, accessible, and non-pharmacological approach that could support the management of PMS and contribute to women's health care.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

80

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

  • Volwassen

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Ja

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Female students aged 18 and older
  • Scoring 45 or higher on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale
  • Scoring 36 or higher on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
  • Scoring 5 or higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  • Having a regular menstrual cycle (21-35 days)
  • Volunteering to participate in the study
  • Fully completing the survey and scale forms

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not wishing to continue participating in the study
  • Having any condition that hinders communication (such as impairments in hearing, speech, or comprehension)
  • Having a gynecological condition (e.g., abnormal uterine bleeding, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, undergoing hormonal therapy)
  • Having a chronic or physical illness
  • Having a psychological disorder
  • Undergoing psychiatric treatment (pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy)
  • Using pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to alleviate premenstrual symptoms (e.g., oral contraceptives, acupressure, homeopathy, yoga)
  • Having a sleep-related issue and receiving treatment for it
  • Individuals who exercise regularly

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Ondersteunende zorg
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Enkel

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: Mandala coloring group

Participants in the intervention group will perform mandala coloring twice weekly for 20-30 minutes per session during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The intervention will begin approximately 14 days before the expected onset of menstruation and will be performed at a time of day chosen by the participant. Mandala templates and colored pencils will be provided by the researcher.

Participants will send a brief message to the researcher before each session and share a photograph of the completed mandala afterward. Reminder messages will be sent twice weekly to support adherence. All of the three-cycle intervention period, participants will complete the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) through an online questionnaire, requiring approximately 30-40 minutes.
Ander: Mandala coloring group
A mandala coloring intervention will be administered to individuals with PMS to evaluate its effects on anxiety reduction and sleep quality improvement.
Geen tussenkomst: Control group

Participants in the control group will not receive any mandala coloring intervention and will be asked to maintain their usual routines without initiating any pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention aimed at reducing PMS symptoms. Their use of any PMS-related interventions will be monitored twice weekly by telephone throughout the three menstrual cycles. Participants in either group who initiate a pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention for PMS symptoms during the study will be excluded.

All of the of the three-cycle study period, participants will complete the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) through an online questionnaire, requiring approximately 30-40 minutes. After completion of the study, participants will be informed about the mandala coloring intervention and those interested will be offered the opportunity to participate individually.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Social demographic form
Tijdsspanne: between 2 to 4 weeks
This form includes questions regarding women's sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual cycles, the presence of chronic diseases, menstrual symptoms, gynecological conditions, whether they have received prior education about menstruation, and whether they use pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to alleviate premenstrual syndrome.
between 2 to 4 weeks
Premenstrual Syndrome Scale
Tijdsspanne: between 2 to 12 weeks
Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) is a 44-item, five-point Likert scale used to assess the severity of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms experienced before menstruation. Total scores range from 44 to 220, with higher scores indicating greater PMS symptom severity. A score above 50% of the maximum possible score (≥110) is considered indicative of PMS.
between 2 to 12 weeks
State-Trait Scale (STAI-1, STAI-2)
Tijdsspanne: between 2 to 12 weeks
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is used to assess individuals' state anxiety (temporary anxiety) and trait anxiety (general tendency toward anxiety). It consists of two 20-item subscales, each scored on a four-point Likert scale. Total scores for each subscale range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety levels.
between 2 to 12 weeks
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Tijdsspanne: between 2 to 12 weeks
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-report instrument used to assess sleep quality and sleep disturbances over the previous month. It consists of 19 items covering seven components of sleep quality. Each component is scored from 0 to 3, with a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality, and a total score of ≥5 indicates poor sleep quality.
between 2 to 12 weeks

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Kırklareli University

Onderzoekers

  • Studie stoel: AYCA KIRCA, Phd, Kırklareli University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 november 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

15 juni 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

30 juni 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

21 augustus 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

21 augustus 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

25 augustus 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

21 augustus 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 augustus 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • KırklareliAS-16

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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