Study of Eye Fatigue From Digital Screens and Its Impact on Visual Performance in People With Normal Vision and Myopia, With and Without Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs (RReye)
Étude du Comportement Visuel et de la Qualité Visuelle Induits Par la Fatigue Oculaire Numérique Chez Les Personnes Emmétropes et Myopes Présentant ou Non Des Signes et Symptômes de Sécheresse Oculaire
The goal of this observational study is to investigate the effects of eye fatigue induced by screen task on dry eye disease (DED) signs and symptoms, visual performance, and visual behavior in young adults with and without DED and with normal vision and myopia. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does a screen task that induces eye fatigue affect dry eye signs and symptoms, visual quality, and visual behavior?
- Are the effects of this screen task different in individuals with and without DED, and are they associated with myopia?
Researchers will compare participants with and without DED to determine whether they respond differently to a screen task designed to induce eye fatigue. They will also explore potential relationships between DED and myopia.
Participants will:
- Attend two study visits.
- Complete eligibility screening and realize visual and eye assessments.
- Be classified as having or not having DED based on a questionnaire and clinical eye examinations.
- Perform a screen task designed to induce eye fatigue.
- Perform measurements before and after a screen task, including assessments of DED signs and symptoms, blinking behavior, eye movements, visual performance, and physiological responses with a smartwatch.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
- Apparaat: Eye Exams
- Apparaat: Ocular Biometry and Aberrometry
- Apparaat: Wearing a Smartwatch
- Apparaat: Wearing Visual Correction
- Apparaat: Eye-Blinking Tests
- Apparaat: Retinal Examination
- Apparaat: Assessment of Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye
- Apparaat: Assessment of Digital Eye Strain Symptoms
- Apparaat: Contrast Sensitivity Assessment
- Apparaat: Digital Eye Strain Task
Studietype
Inschrijving (Geschat)
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studiecontact
- Naam: Delphine Tranvouez-Bernardin
- Telefoonnummer: +33 1 55 96 47 04
- E-mail: tranvoud@essilor.fr
Studie Locaties
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Paris
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Paris, Paris, Frankrijk, 75012
- Center of Neurosciences and Medical Research Essilor International
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Contact:
- Delphine Tranvouez-Bernardin
- Telefoonnummer: +33 1 55 96 47 04
- E-mail: tranvoud@essilor.fr
-
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
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A willing participant who speaks French fluently, is willing to follow the protocol, is able to read and understand the informed consent form, and can give their free and informed consent;
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Age between 18 and 35 years
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Daily screen use of more than 4 hours
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Monocular and binocular distance and near visual acuity of 0.1 logMAR or better (equivalent to 20/25 Snellen or 8/10) with best optical correction
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Emmetropic groups:
- Spherical equivalent (SE): -0.50 D < SE ≤ +0.50 D
- Regular astigmatism (cylinder) 0.75 D (absolute value)
- Anisometropia 1.00 D
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Myopic groups:
- Spherical equivalent (SE): -5.00 D ≤ SE ≤ -0.50 D
- Regular astigmatism (cylinder) 0.75 D (absolute value)
- Anisometropia 1.50 D
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Groups with signs and symptoms of DED:
- OSDI-6 questionnaire score ≥ 4
- NIBUT <10 seconds
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Groups without signs and symptoms of DED:
- OSDI-6 questionnaire score < 4
- NIBUT ≥ 10 seconds.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age < 18 years
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women
- Individuals deprived of liberty by a judicial or administrative decision, and individuals hospitalized without consent under Articles L3212-1 and L3213-1 who do not fall under Article L1121-8, as well as individuals admitted to a healthcare or social institution for purposes other than research
- Adults lacking legal capacity or unable to provide informed consent ;
- Participants currently in the exclusion period of another research study;
- All categories of individuals receiving special protection under French law are excluded from this research
- Employees of Essilor International, Luxottica, GrandVision, or any of their subsidiaries.
- Declared, untreated, and/or uncontrolled systemic disease that may affect vision (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension);
- Declared ocular disease, other than dry eye disease, with a significant impact on vision, such as visual field loss (e.g., glaucoma), reduced visual acuity, significant visual impairment in dim or bright environments (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa), corneal surface abnormalities including ectatic disorders (keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration), or corneal dystrophies (e.g., Fuchs dystrophy);
- Declared autoimmune connective tissue disease or other condition known to cause dry eye disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, rosacea, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves' disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome);
- Active ocular or systemic allergy, or active ocular inflammatory condition such as keratitis, uveitis, blepharitis, etc.;
- Declared neurological disorders, including a history of epilepsy, sensorimotor coordination disorders, ocular migraine, vestibular disease, or cerebellar disorders (e.g., balance disorders, nystagmus);
- Binocular vision disorders such as strabismus, suppression, diplopia, amblyopia, or decompensated phorias associated with recurrent headaches, blurred or double vision, difficulty concentrating, or difficulties when frequently shifting focus between near and distance vision;
- History of ocular surgery, refractive surgery, or ocular trauma;
- Use of extended-wear contact lenses, rigid contact lenses, and/or orthokeratology lenses;
- Prolonged wear of soft contact lenses (>12 hours per day);
- Use of medications that may influence vision or interfere with study assessments (e.g., antidepressants, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, oral retinoids, or medications with atropinic effects);
- Ophthalmic treatments, light therapy, or other treatments for dry eye disease within the past 3 months, with the exception of over-the-counter eye drops not requiring a prescription, such as hyaluronic acid-based lubricants.
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Fundamentele wetenschap
- Toewijzing: Niet-gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
|---|---|
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Experimenteel: Myopes with presence of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease
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Participants undergo several visual examinations (visual function, visual refraction, visual acuity). Participants complete ocular aberrometric and biometric measurements. Participants wear an smartwatch to measure their physiological activity. Participants are equipped with appropriate vision correction through spectacle lenses. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform eye-blinking tests on a screen. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants undergo a retinal examination. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants' signs and symptoms of dry eye are assessed. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants assess their symptoms of digital eye strain. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform contrast sensitivity tests. Participants perform a 30-minute task designed to induce digital eye strain. During this task, eye movements, including blinking behavior, saccade and fixation behavior, are recorded by an eye tracker. |
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Experimenteel: Myopes without presence of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease
|
Participants undergo several visual examinations (visual function, visual refraction, visual acuity). Participants complete ocular aberrometric and biometric measurements. Participants wear an smartwatch to measure their physiological activity. Participants are equipped with appropriate vision correction through spectacle lenses. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform eye-blinking tests on a screen. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants undergo a retinal examination. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants' signs and symptoms of dry eye are assessed. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants assess their symptoms of digital eye strain. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform contrast sensitivity tests. Participants perform a 30-minute task designed to induce digital eye strain. During this task, eye movements, including blinking behavior, saccade and fixation behavior, are recorded by an eye tracker. |
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Experimenteel: Emmetropes with presence of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease
|
Participants undergo several visual examinations (visual function, visual refraction, visual acuity). Participants complete ocular aberrometric and biometric measurements. Participants wear an smartwatch to measure their physiological activity. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform eye-blinking tests on a screen. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants undergo a retinal examination. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants' signs and symptoms of dry eye are assessed. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants assess their symptoms of digital eye strain. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform contrast sensitivity tests. Participants perform a 30-minute task designed to induce digital eye strain. During this task, eye movements, including blinking behavior, saccade and fixation behavior, are recorded by an eye tracker. |
|
Experimenteel: Emmetropes without presence of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease
|
Participants undergo several visual examinations (visual function, visual refraction, visual acuity). Participants complete ocular aberrometric and biometric measurements. Participants wear an smartwatch to measure their physiological activity. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform eye-blinking tests on a screen. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants undergo a retinal examination. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants' signs and symptoms of dry eye are assessed. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants assess their symptoms of digital eye strain. Before and after a digital eye strain task, participants perform contrast sensitivity tests. Participants perform a 30-minute task designed to induce digital eye strain. During this task, eye movements, including blinking behavior, saccade and fixation behavior, are recorded by an eye tracker. |
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
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Contrast Sensitivity at Different Spatial Frequencies (logMAR)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Contrast sensitivity test: Participants are asked to identify patterns (such as stripes or letters) that become increasingly difficult to see |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time (NIBUT) (seconds)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Measurement of tear film stability by assessing the time it takes for the tear film to begin breaking up after a blink. Shorter times indicate a less stable tear film and may suggest dry eye disease. Measured with the IDRA instrument. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Visual Acuity (logMAR)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
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Measurement of the clarity and sharpness of vision using the logMAR scale. Lower logMAR values indicate better visual acuity and the ability to see finer details. |
At day 1: At baseline
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Area under the contrast sensitivity function curve (AULCSF)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Contrast sensitivity test: Participants are asked to identify patterns (such as stripes or letters) that become increasingly difficult to see |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Scores on the OSDI-6 questionnaires
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
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Assessment of dry eye disease symptoms and their impact on daily activities using the OSDI-6 questionnaire. It is the recommended questionnaire for dry eye disease. The questionnaire used six items. Each item is scored from 0 to 4 according to symptom frequency (0 = never, 1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = mostly, 4 = constantly). The total score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe dry eye symptoms |
At day 1: At baseline
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Scores on the IOSS questionnaires
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Assessment of the frequency and severity of symptoms related to dry eye disease using the IOSS questionnaire. The questionnaire used two items. Each item is scored from 0 (symptom never experienced) to 5 (very intense) with 1 (not intense at all). Higher scores indicate greater symptoms. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Blinking: frequency, duration, maximum interval, etc.
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
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Assessment of blinking behavior, including how often participants blink, how long each blink lasts, the maximum time between blinks, etc. These measures help evaluate visual fatigue and tear film stability during screen use. They will be measured with cameras and eyetracker. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
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Eye movements: saccades (amplitude, velocity, duration, frequency, latency, gain)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
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Assessment of rapid eye movements (saccades), including their amplitude, velocity, duration, frequency, reaction time, and accuracy. These measures provide information about visual behavior and the effects of visual fatigue. They will be measured with cameras and eyetracker. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
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Eye movements: fixations (position, duration, dispersion, number, frequency, stability, area)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
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Assessment of eye fixations, including where and how long participants look at an object an the screen, as well as the stability and distribution of their gaze. These measures help evaluate visual attention, reading behavior, and the effects of visual fatigue. They will be measured with cameras and eyetracker. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
|---|---|---|
|
Tear Meniscus Height (TMH) (millimeters)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of the height of the tear reservoir along the lower eyelid. TMH provides an indication of tear volume, with lower values suggesting reduced tear production and risks of dry eye disease. Measured with the IDRA instrument. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Thickness of the lipid layer (nm)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of the thickness of the outer oily layer of the tear film, which helps prevent tear evaporation. Thinner lipid layers may indicate tear film instability and an increased risk of dry eye disease symptoms. Measured with the IDRA instrument. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Ocular Redness Score
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Assessment of eye redness by evaluating the appearance of blood vessels on the surface of the eye. Higher scores indicate greater ocular irritation and inflammation, which may be associated with dry eye disease or visual fatigue. Measured with IDRA instrument. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Characteristics of the lipid layer (interferometry, colors, homogeneity, fringe pattern)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Assessment of the quality and structure of the tear film's outer lipid layer. Parameters such as color patterns, uniformity, and interference fringes provide information about tear film stability and the risk of dry eye disease. Measured with the IDRA instrument. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Screen time since waking up (hours)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: At the start of each visit
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Measurement of the total time spent using digital screens since waking up on the day of the assessment. This measure helps evaluate the potential impact of screen exposure on visual fatigue and dry eye disease symptoms. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: At the start of each visit
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Weekly screen time (hours)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
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Measurement of the average number of hours spent using digital screens each week across all devices. This measure helps assess long-term screen exposure and its potential impact on visual fatigue and dry eye disease symptoms. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Score on the Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
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Assessment of symptoms related to digital eye strain, such as eye discomfort, blurred vision, headaches, and visual fatigue. Each symptom is rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no symptoms, 1 indicates very mild symptoms, and 10 indicates very severe symptoms. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Optical quality: Total optical aberration (total RMS, micrometers), High-order optical aberration (RMS HOAs and per order, micrometers)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Assessment of the optical quality of the eye by measuring imperfections that affect image clarity. Total aberrations reflect overall optical distortion, while higher-order aberrations assess more subtle distortions that can reduce visual quality. Measured with a Pentacam AXL. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Accommodative measurements: PPA (centimeters) or AA (diopters), Accommodative rock (cycles/degree)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Assessment of the eye's ability to focus on near objects and rapidly switch focus between different distances. These measures provide information about visual flexibility, focusing performance, and visual fatigue. Measured with optometric instruments. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Cardiac activity (ECG) (beats per minute, variability in ms/Hz, interval between beats, etc.)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of heart activity, including heart rate, heart rate variability, and the time between heartbeats. These parameters provide information about physiological responses to stress, mental workload, and visual fatigue during the study. Measured with a smartwatch. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
|
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Electrodermal activity (EDA) (frequency of phasic responses, conductance-level and response.)
Tijdsspanne: Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of changes in skin conductance, including baseline levels and rapid responses to stimuli. These parameters reflect physiological arousal, stress, and cognitive workload, providing insight into the body's response to visual tasks and fatigue. Measured with a smartwatch. |
Before, after and during a digital eye strain task
|
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Mitochondrial activity: autofluorescence score (FPF intensity, FPF heterogeneity)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
Assessment of mitochondrial function by measuring flavoprotein autofluorescence (FPF) in the eye. FPF intensity and heterogeneity provide indicators of cellular metabolic activity and oxidative stress, which may reflect changes in ocular health and visual fatigue. Measured with an OcuScience device. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: Before and after a digital eye strain task
|
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Reading speed (number of words read per minute)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of the number of words read per minute, providing an indicator of reading performance, and the potential impact of visual fatigue and dry eye disease on reading ability. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
|
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Errors made during the digital eye strain task (number of actions not taken and actions taken incorrectly)
Tijdsspanne: From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
|
Measurement of the number of mistakes made during the screen task. This outcome provides an indicator of attention, task performance, and the effects of visual fatigue and dry eye disease on accuracy. |
From enrollment to 7 days after enrollment: During a digital eye strain task
|
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Biometry: Choroidal thickness (microns)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Measurement of the thickness of the choroid. Measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT B-scan) |
At day 1: At baseline
|
|
Biometry: Vascular density percentage (%)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Measurement of the vascular density percentage of the retina. Measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT B-scan). Used to evaluate retinal blood vessel perfusion and microvascular health. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Biometry: Foveal avascular zone (mm²)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Measurement of the size of the central retinal area devoid of blood vessels, located at the fovea. Measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This measure is used to assess retinal microvascular integrity. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Biometry: Axial length (mm)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Measurement of the distance from the anterior surface of the cornea to the retinal pigment epithelium along the eye's optical axis, expressed in millimeters. Measured using Pentacam AXL. This measure is used to assess ocular size. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
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Biometry: Pupillary diameter (mm)
Tijdsspanne: At day 1: At baseline
|
Measurement of the diameter of the pupil, expressed in millimeters. Measured using Pentacam AXL under standardized lighting conditions. This measure is used to assess pupillary function. |
At day 1: At baseline
|
Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
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Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)
Studie voltooiing (Geschat)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- WS10509
- 2026-A00841-50 (Andere identificatie: ANSM RCB)
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