Turkish Version of the BARSE (BARSE-Turkish)
Validity and Reliability Study of the Barrier Specific Self-Efficacy Scale in Turkish
Background Physical inactivity is known to rank fourth among modifiable mortality risk factors globally and plays a central role in the etiology of noncommunicable diseases. In the context of physical activity, self-efficacy is a multidimensional construct, primarily divided into task self-efficacy and barrier self-efficacy. While task self-efficacy is crucial for initiating physical activity, barrier self-efficacy-the individual's belief in their capability to maintain exercise in the face of various physical, social, or psychological obstacles-is essential for long-term adherence. The Barrier-Specific Self-Efficacy Scale (BARSE), developed by McAuley et al., is specifically designed to measure this barrier self-efficacy dimension. A comprehensive literature review revealed no published Turkish validity and reliability study of the BARSE. Signed permission has been obtained from the original author to conduct this cultural adaptation.
Objectives The primary aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BARSE among healthy young adults, thereby contributing a standardized, culturally adapted instrument to the scientific community.
Study Design and Procedures This methodological study will conduct at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, between September-October 2026 with an enrollment of 133 healthy adult participants. The BARSE is a unidimensional scale consisting of 13 items. Participants are asked to rate their confidence in continuing to exercise under various challenging situations on a scale from 0% (not at all confident) to 100% (highly confident) in 10% increments. To establish construct validity and examine related health behaviors, participants will also complete several standardized tools: the Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP), the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), the Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire (SPBPA), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF).
Statistical Analysis The language adaptation will conduct using the standard translation and back-translation method. Content validity will be evaluated using the Davis technique. Construct validity will be assessed through factor analysis and correlation coefficients. For reliability analyses, the scales will be administered twice with a 15-day interval. Reliability will be determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected item-total correlations, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Potential differences between test and retest measurements will be evaluated using appropriate statistical tests.
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Interventie / Behandeling
Gedetailleerde beschrijving
Forward Translation and Synthesis: The original form will be translated into Turkish by two independent experts who are fluent in both languages and native speakers of Turkish. Following this, the research team will synthesize these translations into a single draft form. Backward Translation: The synthesized Turkish draft will be translated back into English by two independent translators who have never seen the original text before and are fluent in English. Expert Opinions: The Turkish version, the back-translated English version, and the original English version will be reviewed by 10 experts in the field of health sciences. Psychometric Analyses: The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale will be tested twice with a 15-day interval on 130 participants.
Studietype
Inschrijving (Werkelijk)
Contacten en locaties
Studie Locaties
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Antakya
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Hatay, Antakya, Turkije (Türkiye), 31000
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Bemonsteringsmethode
Studie Bevolking
The study will be conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. It is planned to include 10 times the total number of items in the scale, and the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, which has a total of 13 questions, will be tested on 130 participants. Simple random sampling will be applied to minimize selection bias.
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Healthy adults aged between 18 and 45 years.
- Ability to read and write in Turkish.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having difficulties in reading and comprehending Turkish.
- Presence of severe cognitive impairment.
- Having a specific medical condition or physical disability that makes physical activity impossible.
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Observatiemodellen: OTHER
- Tijdsperspectieven: PROSPECTIVE
Cohorten en interventies
Groep / Cohort |
Interventie / Behandeling |
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Healthy Adults
Healthy adults aged 18-45 who participated in the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of BARSE. |
Administration of the Turkish version of the Barrier-Specific Self-Efficacy Scale (BARSE) and other related questionnaires to investigate its validity and reliability. |
Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
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Barrier Specific Self-Efficacy Scale (BARSE)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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This is a psychometric tool that assesses an individual's belief in their ability to continue an exercise program in the face of various hindering situations that make exercise difficult, such as fatigue, bad weather, lack of time, or pain. It consists of 13 items and asks participants to rate their confidence in continuing exercise for each situation on a scale of 0 (I have no confidence at all) to 100 (I have great confidence). |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale (SRAHP)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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This scale was developed to assess individuals' self-efficacy perceptions regarding engaging in health-promoting behaviors. It consists of 28 items and covers four sub-dimensions: exercise, nutrition, health responsibility, and psychological well-being. The scale uses a 5-point Likert type, with items scored from "0 (never)" to "4 (completely)," resulting in a total score between 0 and 112; each sub-dimension score ranges from 0 to 28. Higher scores on the scale indicate increased self-efficacy in performing health-related practices. |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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This scale was developed to assess the perceived benefits and barriers to participation in exercise. The 43-item scale uses a 4-point Likert scale (Strongly agree to Strongly disagree). Exercise benefits are evaluated across five sub-dimensions: enriching life, psychological perspective, physical performance, social interaction, and preventative health; while exercise barriers are evaluated across three sub-dimensions: exercise environment, time expenditure, and physical strain. Sub-dimension scores are calculated by averaging the relevant items. The benefits subscale ranges from 29 to 116 points, and the barriers subscale ranges from 14 to 54 points. Higher benefit scores indicate greater perceived benefits, while higher barrier scores indicate fewer perceived barriers. The total EBBS score is calculated by summing the benefit and barrier scores. |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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Self-Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity Questionnaire (SPBPA)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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This is a 17-item self-report scale developed to assess perceived barriers to participation in physical activity. The scale consists of four sub-dimensions: body image and psychosocial anxiety, fatigue, responsibilities and lack of time, and environment and facilities. Items are scored on a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (low) to 10 (high); each sub-dimension score is obtained by dividing the total score of the relevant item by the number of items. A higher score on the scale indicates a higher level of perceived barriers to participation in physical activity. |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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This is a 36-item self-assessment test designed to gather information about a person's health status. The questionnaire includes eight multi-item subscales assessing physical function, social functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, role limitations due to emotional problems, mental health, vitality, pain, and general health perception. The total score ranges from 0 to 100. |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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The International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form (IPAQ-SF)
Tijdsspanne: To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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The questionnaire, developed to determine physical activity levels, consists of 7 questions. It inquires about the time spent by individuals in vigorous, moderate, walking, and sitting activities for at least 10 minutes over the past 7 days. In the IPAQ, 8.0 METs are considered to be expended during vigorous physical activity, 4.0 METs during moderate physical activity, and 3.3 METs during walking. To score and determine the level of activity, the walking, moderate, and vigorous activity scores are added together to obtain a total physical activity score (MET-min/week). Scores are obtained by multiplying the standard values of the activities by the number of days per week and the number of hours per day these activities are performed. In the IPAQ, physical activity levels are classified as follows: Inactive (I) with a total physical activity score of 600 METs and below, Minimally Active (II) with a score between 600 and 3000 METs, and Active (III) with a total score above 3000 METs. |
To minimize recall bias, it will be administered twice, 15 days apart.
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Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- BARSE2026-01
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