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Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Therapy Decision-Making in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases After Resection (LEGEND)

2 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Junjie Peng, Fudan University

Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation-Guided Adjuvant Therapy Decision-Making in Patients With Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases After Resection: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial (LEGEND Trial)

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter phase II trial evaluating whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation-guided adjuvant therapy improves outcomes after R0 resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Patients are randomized 1:1 to a ctDNA-guided arm or a conventional-treatment arm, stratified by RAS/BRAF status and primary tumor sidedness.

In the ctDNA-guided arm, postoperative plasma ctDNA methylation testing (mqMSP, 10 tumor-specific methylation markers, 3-day turnaround) is performed at week 1 after surgery. ctDNA-negative patients enter surveillance with ctDNA and imaging every 3 months, with chemotherapy ± targeted therapy triggered upon ctDNA positivity; ctDNA-positive patients start chemotherapy ± targeted therapy, with treatment paused upon ctDNA clearance and restarted upon recurrence, for a maximum cumulative treatment duration of 6 months and no more than 2 restarts. In the conventional arm, investigators choose adjuvant therapy per NCCN/CSCO guidelines, and blood samples are collected but ctDNA results are blinded and not used for treatment decisions.

The primary endpoint is recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, ctDNA positivity rate and its correlation with clinicopathological features, concordance between ctDNA and imaging, lead time of ctDNA in detecting recurrence, secondary NED conversion rate, feasibility and safety of ctDNA-guided dynamic treatment adjustment, ctDNA clearance rate, report turnaround time, patient-reported outcomes (EORTC QLQ-C30/QLQ-CR29), and health economic evaluation (ICER).

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

220

Fase

  • Fase 2

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studie Locaties

  • China
    • Shanghai Municipality
      • Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China, 200032
        • Werving
        • Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 75 jaar (Volwassen, Oudere volwassene)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 75 years, regardless of sex.
  • Histopathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT or MRI.
  • Liver metastases assessed as resectable by a multidisciplinary team, with R0 resection completed. Simultaneous or staged resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases is permitted. R0 resection is defined as negative surgical margins with no macroscopic or microscopic residual disease.
  • No residual disease on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI performed within one month after surgery, confirming no evidence of disease (NED).
  • No previous systemic anticancer treatment for metastatic disease, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. If prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, the interval between the last dose and the diagnosis of liver metastases must be at least six months.
  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
  • Postoperative peripheral blood samples (two 10-mL tubes) can be obtained for ctDNA methylation testing.
  • Able to understand and voluntarily sign written informed consent.
  • Willing and able to comply with the follow-up schedule specified in the study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-adenocarcinoma histology, such as neuroendocrine tumor, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma.
  • Extrahepatic metastases, including metastases to the lungs, bones, brain, peritoneum, or distant lymph nodes.
  • Previous local treatment of the primary tumor or metastatic lesions, such as radiofrequency ablation or radiotherapy, without complete tumor eradication.
  • Residual disease confirmed by imaging one month after surgery, indicating that NED has not been achieved.
  • Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status and considered suitable for immunotherapy by the investigator.
  • Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction (ALT/AST >3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN], total bilirubin >1.5 times ULN, or creatinine >1.5 times ULN), or impaired bone marrow function (white blood cell count <3.0 × 10^9/L, neutrophil count <1.5 × 10^9/L, platelet count <75 × 10^9/L, or hemoglobin <90 g/L).
  • Uncontrolled severe hypertension (persistent systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg), severe infection, active hepatitis B (HBV DNA >1000 copies/mL), hepatitis C (positive HCV RNA), or human immunodeficiency virus infection.
  • History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or higher, myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the past six months, or uncontrolled arrhythmia.
  • Known allergy or contraindication to chemotherapy agents potentially used in the study (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, or capecitabine) or targeted agents (cetuximab beta or bevacizumab).
  • Other malignancies, except non-melanoma skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ that has been treated curatively with no evidence of recurrence for more than five years.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding, or refusal by participants of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during the study.
  • History of alcohol abuse or drug abuse.
  • Cognitive impairment or severe psychiatric illness that prevents understanding of or compliance with study requirements.
  • Any other clinical or laboratory condition that, in the investigator's opinion, makes the participant unsuitable for this study.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Actieve vergelijker: Conventionele behandeling
Ander: Conventional Postoperative Treatment Strategy

Participants receive adjuvant therapy as determined by the investigator according to NCCN/CSCO guidelines and clinical practice, based on clinicopathological risk factors such as CRS score, primary tumor lymph node status, CEA level, surgical margin, and performance status. Blood samples are collected at baseline (approximately one week after surgery or before adjuvant therapy) and after completion of adjuvant therapy (within 4 weeks of the last chemotherapy dose, or at week 12 postoperatively for those not receiving chemotherapy), and are centrally tested for ctDNA methylation with results blinded and not used to guide treatment.
Experimenteel: ctDNA Methylation-Guided Treatment
Combinatie product: Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation Testing

Participants undergo postoperative plasma ctDNA methylation testing after R0 resection. ctDNA-negative participants enter surveillance without adjuvant chemotherapy, with ctDNA testing and imaging every 3 months; chemotherapy ± targeted therapy is triggered upon ctDNA positivity. ctDNA-positive participants start chemotherapy ± targeted therapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI plus cetuximab for RAS/BRAF wild-type; plus bevacizumab for RAS/BRAF mutant), with ctDNA testing and imaging every 2 months during treatment. Treatment is paused upon ctDNA clearance and restarted upon ctDNA re-positivity, with a maximum cumulative treatment duration of 6 months and no more than 2 restarts. Imaging-confirmed disease progression leads to discontinuation of protocol-directed treatment.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS)
Tijdsspanne: From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Time from randomization to the first imaging-confirmed local recurrence or distant metastasis, assessed according to RECIST 1.1, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants without an event at the last follow-up will be censored at that date. RFS will be compared between the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group and the conventional treatment group.
From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Overall Survival (OS)
Tijdsspanne: From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Time from randomization to death from any cause. Participants who are alive at the last follow-up will be censored at that date. OS will be compared between the two treatment groups.
From randomization through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Postoperative ctDNA Methylation Positivity Rate
Tijdsspanne: One week after surgery (±3 days).

Proportion of all enrolled participants with positive ctDNA methylation results one week after surgery. Associations between postoperative ctDNA methylation status and clinicopathological characteristics will also be assessed.
One week after surgery (±3 days).
Agreement Between ctDNA Methylation Status and Imaging Findings
Tijdsspanne: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Agreement between ctDNA methylation status and imaging-based no evidence of disease (NED) status.
During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Lead Time From ctDNA Methylation Positivity to Imaging-Confirmed Recurrence
Tijdsspanne: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Median time interval from ctDNA methylation positivity to subsequent imaging-confirmed recurrence.
During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Secondary No Evidence of Disease (NED) Conversion Rate
Tijdsspanne: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Proportion of all participants with recurrence who receive curative-intent local treatment after recurrence and achieve NED. This proportion will be compared between the two treatment groups.
During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
ctDNA Methylation Clearance Rate
Tijdsspanne: During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Proportion of participants in the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group with initially positive ctDNA results who become ctDNA negative after treatment. The association between ctDNA clearance and RFS will be explored.
During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Time to ctDNA Methylation Clearance
Tijdsspanne: During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Median time to conversion from ctDNA positivity to negativity after treatment in participants with initially positive ctDNA results in the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group.
During treatment and subsequent follow-up, through the end of the two-year postoperative follow-up.
ctDNA Methylation Test Reporting Turnaround Time
Tijdsspanne: At ctDNA methylation testing time points during the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Turnaround time for reporting ctDNA methylation test results, with a target of no more than five working days, and its impact on the timeliness of clinical decision-making.
At ctDNA methylation testing time points during the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Patient-reported Quality of Life
Tijdsspanne: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Patient-reported quality of life assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Quality of life will be compared between the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment group and the conventional treatment group.
During the two-year postoperative follow-up.
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)
Tijdsspanne: During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Health economic evaluation of the ctDNA methylation-guided treatment strategy compared with conventional treatment using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
During the two-year postoperative follow-up.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Fudan University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 november 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

1 november 2029

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

1 november 2031

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

28 oktober 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

2 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

4 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

4 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

2 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • LEGEND Trial

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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