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EFFECT OF ADDING BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION TRAINING TO CLOSED CHAIN EXERCISE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

30 oktober 2026 bijgewerkt door: Rasha Abdel Kader Abdel Azeem Khtab

Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint condition that causes knee pain, stiffness, muscle weakness, and difficulty performing daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, and standing up from a chair. Exercise therapy is commonly used to improve muscle strength, reduce pain, and restore physical function. However, some patients may find traditional strengthening exercises difficult because of pain and increased stress on the knee joint.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a rehabilitation technique that uses a specialized cuff placed around the upper thigh to partially restrict blood flow during exercise. This technique may help improve muscle strength while using lighter exercise loads.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether adding blood flow restriction training to traditional physical therapy and closed kinetic chain exercises provides additional benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This randomized controlled trial will include 60 male and female participants aged 40 to 60 years with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups, with 30 participants in each group.

The first group will receive traditional physical therapy exercises combined with closed kinetic chain exercises, such as mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides.

The second group will receive the same exercise program with the addition of blood flow restriction training.

Both groups will participate in supervised treatment sessions twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 sessions.

The researchers will assess knee pain, knee range of motion, quadriceps muscle strength, knee function, mobility and fall risk, quality of life, and patient satisfaction. Assessments will be conducted before treatment, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and one month after completing treatment.

The study aims to determine whether adding blood flow restriction training to closed kinetic chain exercises can improve rehabilitation outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Nog niet aan het werven

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage deterioration, pain, stiffness, reduced muscle strength, and functional limitations. Quadriceps muscle weakness is a major contributing factor to impaired knee stability and reduced physical performance in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are commonly used in knee osteoarthritis rehabilitation because they involve functional weight-bearing movements that promote coordinated muscle activation, joint stability, and neuromuscular control. However, conventional resistance training may be difficult for patients who experience pain or cannot tolerate high mechanical loads.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a rehabilitation approach that involves applying a pneumatic cuff to the proximal thigh during low-load exercise. By partially restricting blood flow, BFR training may stimulate muscular adaptations while reducing the need for high external resistance.

This study will investigate the effectiveness of adding blood flow restriction training to closed kinetic chain exercises in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

Study Design:

This study will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial involving 60 male and female participants diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II-III).

Participants will be aged between 40 and 60 years and have a body mass index ranging from 25 to 29.9 kg/m².

Eligible participants will be recruited from outpatient physical therapy clinics in Cairo, Egypt.

Participants will be randomly allocated into two equal groups using a computer-generated randomization method.

Intervention:

Group A (Control Group):

Thirty participants will receive a traditional therapeutic exercise program combined with closed kinetic chain exercises.

Traditional exercises will include seated knee extensions, hip adduction and abduction exercises, straight leg raises, short-arc knee extensions, ankle pumps, and hamstring curls.

Closed kinetic chain exercises will include mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides.

Group B (Experimental Group):

Thirty participants will receive the same traditional and closed kinetic chain exercise program with the addition of blood flow restriction training.

Blood flow restriction will be applied using a specialized pneumatic cuff positioned around the proximal thigh during low-load resistance and closed kinetic chain exercises.

Both groups will receive 16 supervised treatment sessions over eight weeks, with two sessions per week.

Outcome Assessment:

The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated using the following measures:

  1. Pain intensity using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).
  2. Knee range of motion using a smartphone-based digital inclinometer.
  3. Quadriceps muscle strength using a hand-held dynamometer.
  4. Knee function using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).
  5. Functional mobility and fall risk using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.
  6. Health-related quality of life using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire.
  7. Patient satisfaction using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18).

Outcome assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and at a one-month follow-up.

The study will compare changes in clinical and functional outcomes between the two groups to determine whether adding blood flow restriction training provides additional therapeutic benefits compared with traditional and closed kinetic chain exercises alone.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

60

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

  • Egypte
    • Cairo Governorate
      • Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypte, 11511
        • Outpatient Physical Therapy Clinics in Cairo, Egypt
        • Contact:
        • Hoofdonderzoeker:
          • Rasha A Khattab, MSc

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

40 jaar tot 60 jaar (Volwassen)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants diagnosed with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades II-III).

Participants aged between 40 and 60 years.

Body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 29.9 kg/m².

Presence of chronic knee pain for at least three months.

Pain intensity of ≥3/10 on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or equivalent WOMAC pain score.

Ability to ambulate independently and perform closed kinetic chain exercises.

Participants who are medically fit to participate in low-load resistance exercise with or without blood flow restriction training.

Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

History of knee surgery within the previous 12 months.

Presence of severe knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade IV).

Diagnosis of inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Presence of cardiovascular, vascular, or neurological disorders that contraindicate blood flow restriction training.

Participation in any other structured lower limb strengthening or blood flow restriction training program during the study period.

Cognitive impairment or inability to understand and follow exercise instructions.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Geen (open label)

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Actieve vergelijker: Traditional Exercise and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises

Participants in the control group will receive a traditional therapeutic exercise program combined with closed kinetic chain exercises, including seated knee extensions, hip adduction and abduction, straight leg raises, short-arc knee extensions, ankle pumps, hamstring curls, mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. Treatment will be delivered twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 supervised sessions.
Ander: Traditional and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Program

A supervised therapeutic exercise program consisting of traditional strengthening exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises, including mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. The program will be performed twice weekly for eight weeks.
Experimenteel: Blood Flow Restriction Training Combined with Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises

Participants in the experimental group will receive the same traditional therapeutic exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise program as the control group, with the addition of blood flow restriction training. Blood flow restriction will be applied using a pneumatic cuff positioned around the proximal thigh during low-load resistance or closed kinetic chain exercises. Treatment will be delivered twice weekly for eight weeks, for a total of 16 supervised sessions.
Ander: Traditional and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Program

A supervised therapeutic exercise program consisting of traditional strengthening exercises and closed kinetic chain exercises, including mini-squats, step-ups, step-downs, partial lunges, and wall slides. The program will be performed twice weekly for eight weeks.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in Knee Pain Intensity Measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), an 11-point self-reported scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. Changes from baseline will be assessed after treatment and at follow-up.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Knee Range of Motion Measured by a Smartphone Digital Inclinometer
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee joint range of motion will be measured in degrees using a smartphone-based digital inclinometer application. Knee flexion and extension angles will be assessed to evaluate changes in joint mobility following the intervention. Changes from baseline will be evaluated at week 8 and week 12.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Quadriceps Muscle Strength Measured by a Hand-Held Dynamometer
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Quadriceps muscle strength will be assessed using a hand-held dynamometer to measure isometric muscle force during voluntary contraction. The assessment will be performed using standardized testing procedures. Changes in quadriceps muscle strength from baseline will be evaluated after treatment and at follow-up.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Change in Knee Function Measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Knee-related function will be assessed using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), a 42-item questionnaire covering five subscales: pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sport and recreation, and knee-related quality of life. Each subscale is transformed to a score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better knee-related outcomes.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Functional Mobility Measured by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Functional mobility will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Participants will be instructed to stand up from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit down. The time required to complete the task will be recorded in seconds. Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Health-Related Quality of Life Measured by the Short Form-36 (SF-36)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which consists of 36 items evaluating physical and mental health domains. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. Changes from baseline will be evaluated following treatment and at follow-up.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).
Change in Patient Satisfaction Measured by the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Patient satisfaction with healthcare services will be assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18). The questionnaire contains 18 items covering seven dimensions: general satisfaction, technical quality, interpersonal manner, communication, financial aspects, time spent with the healthcare provider, and accessibility and convenience. Items are rated using a five-point Likert scale.
Baseline, week 8 (post-treatment), and week 12 (one-month follow-up).

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Rasha Abdel Kader Abdel Azeem Khtab

Onderzoekers

  • Hoofdonderzoeker: Rasha A Khattab, MSc, Cairo University, Faculty of Physical Therapy

Publicaties en nuttige links

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Algemene publicaties

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Geschat)

1 december 2026

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

31 december 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

28 februari 2028

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

30 oktober 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

30 oktober 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

4 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

4 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

30 oktober 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 oktober 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Trefwoorden

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • BFR training on Osteoarthritis
  • P.T.REC/012/006531 (Andere identificatie: Cairo University, Faculty Of Physical Therapy Research Ethical Committee)

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

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Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

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Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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