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Individualized Temporally Interfering Electrical Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder

6 november 2026 bijgewerkt door: Xianyun Kang, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital

Closed-Loop Bio-Machine Interaction System and Applications in Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment

Temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation is a novel noninvasive neuromodulation technique with high spatial resolution. Although its effects on human brain function and behavior have been increasingly investigated, its clinical utility in major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been established. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TI electrical stimulation in MDD patients.

Studie Overzicht

Toestand

Werving

Conditie

Interventie / Behandeling

Gedetailleerde beschrijving

This is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial including three parallel arms: (1)single-target active stimulation targeting the right primary auditory cortex (A1); (2) dual-target active stimulation targeting the right A1 and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); (3)sham stimulation. All interventions will be delivered over two consecutive weeks, comprising ten treatment visits, with 20 minutes of stimulation applied to each target.

Studietype

Ingrijpend

Inschrijving (Geschat)

75

Fase

  • Niet toepasbaar

Contacten en locaties

In dit gedeelte vindt u de contactgegevens van degenen die het onderzoek uitvoeren en informatie over waar dit onderzoek wordt uitgevoerd.

Studiecontact

Studie Locaties

  • China
    • Fujian
      • Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
        • Werving
        • Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University
        • Contact:
    • Tianjin Municipality
      • Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, China, 300222
        • Werving
        • Tianjin Anding Hospital
        • Contact:

Deelname Criteria

Onderzoekers zoeken naar mensen die aan een bepaalde beschrijving voldoen, de zogenaamde geschiktheidscriteria. Enkele voorbeelden van deze criteria zijn iemands algemene gezondheidstoestand of eerdere behandelingen.

Geschiktheidscriteria

Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie

18 jaar tot 65 jaar (Volwassen, Oudere volwassene)

Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers

Nee

Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie

Allemaal

Beschrijving

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for MDD, confirmed independently by two psychiatrists;
  2. Currently experiencing a depressive episode;
  3. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HAMD-17) score ≥ 17;
  4. Aged between 18-65 years;
  5. No restrictions on sex or gender;
  6. Attained at least junior high school education; lower education permitted if cognitive capacity is confirmed by a physician;
  7. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and normal hearing;
  8. No use of antidepressant within two weeks prior to enrollment, or ongoing antidepressant treatment judged by a psychiatrist to be in a stable treatment phase;
  9. Ability to read and understand informed consent and self-report assessment scales;
  10. Willingness to participate in the study, with written informed consent provided by the participant or a legal guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of any psychiatric disorder other than MDD;
  2. History of traumatic brain injury or coma;
  3. History of organic brain disease or severe systemic medical illness;
  4. History of cochlear implants, pacemakers, or other implanted brain devices;
  5. History of epileptic seizures or family history of epilepsy;
  6. Obvious suicidal or impulsive violent behavior;
  7. Receipt of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), or other neuromodulation therapies within the past six months;
  8. History of alcohol use disorder or use of other psychoactive substances;
  9. Participation in other interventional clinical trials;
  10. Any condition precluding informed consent or compliance with study procedures.

Studie plan

Dit gedeelte bevat details van het studieplan, inclusief hoe de studie is opgezet en wat de studie meet.

Hoe is de studie opgezet?

Ontwerpdetails

  • Primair doel: Behandeling
  • Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
  • Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
  • Masker: Dubbele

Wapens en interventies

Deelnemersgroep / Arm
Interventie / Behandeling
Experimenteel: single-target active TI electrical stimulation group
Apparaat: Single-target active temporally interfering electrical stimulation

Single-target active stimulation targeting the right primary auditory cortex (A1), each target stimulation phase will last 20 minutes, including a 30-second ramp-up at onset and a 30-second ramp-down at termination. Alternating currents with frequencies of f1 = 2000 Hz and f2 = 2040 Hz will be delivered through the two electrode pairs, and the total current intensity across the two electrode pairs will be fixed at 4 mA (AC, peak-to-base). The intervention will be administered over two consecutive weeks, with participants receiving stimulation on five days per week.
Experimenteel: dual-target active TI electrical stimulation group
Apparaat: Dual-target active temporally interfering electrical stimulation

Dual-target active stimulation targeting the right A1 and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), each target stimulation phase will last 20 minutes, including a 30-second ramp-up at onset and a 30-second ramp-down at termination. For each target, two pairs of electrodes will be used; the alternating current frequency and total stimulation intensity will be the same as those in the single-target active TI electrical stimulation group.The intervention will be administered over two consecutive weeks, with participants receiving stimulation on five days per week.
Sham-vergelijker: sham TI electrical stimulation group
Apparaat: Sham temporally interfering electrical stimulation

Sham TI electrical stimulation group will follow the same session duration, treatment frequency, and procedural setup as the active stimulation groups. However, electrical stimulation will be limited to an initial 30-second ramp-up followed immediately by a 30-second ramp-down, after which no current will be delivered for the remainder of the session.

Wat meet het onderzoek?

Primaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item (HAMD-17)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Secundaire uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater manic symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Electroencephalographic (EEG) Power in the Gamma Frequency Band
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Gamma-band EEG power will be assessed using spectral analysis of EEG recordings.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The 40-Hz ASSR will be assessed using electroencephalography (EEG). Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) quantifies stimulus-induced changes in oscillatory power relative to a prestimulus baseline. ERSP will be expressed in decibels (dB), with higher values indicating greater stimulus-related power enhancement.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) Inter-Trial Coherence (ITC)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The 40-Hz ASSR will be assessed using electroencephalography (EEG). Inter-trial coherence (ITC) quantifies the consistency of oscillatory phase across repeated auditory stimulus presentations. ITC values range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating greater phase consistency.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 2.

Changes in brain structure and functional organization, assessed using MRI, will be included as secondary neuroimaging outcomes.
Baseline, Week 2.

Andere uitkomstmaten

Uitkomstmaat
Maatregel Beschrijving
Tijdsspanne
Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater insomnia symptom severity (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Attention Control Scale (ACS)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The ACS consists of 20 items assessing two dimensions of attentional control: Attentional Focusing and Attentional Shifting. Total scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating better overall attentional control abilities (better outcomes). Attentional Focusing reflects the ability to maintain attention and resist distractions, whereas Attentional Shifting reflects the ability to flexibly shift attention between tasks or stimuli.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Chinese 10-item Rumination Response Scale (RRS-10)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The RRS-10 consists of 10 items assessing two dimensions of rumination: Brooding and Reflection, each comprising five items. Total scores range from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater overall rumination (generally worse outcomes). Brooding reflects maladaptive rumination, whereas Reflection reflects purposeful self-focused thinking and does not necessarily indicate worse outcomes.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) - Cognitive Reappraisal Subscale
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The Cognitive Reappraisal subscale of the ERQ consists of 6 items assessing the tendency to regulate emotions by reinterpreting emotional situations. Total scores range from 6 to 42, with higher scores indicating greater use of cognitive reappraisal, generally considered a more adaptive emotion regulation strategy (better outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) - Expressive Suppression Subscale
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The Expressive Suppression subscale of the ERQ consists of 4 items assessing the tendency to inhibit outward emotional expression. Total scores range from 4 to 28, with higher scores indicating greater use of expressive suppression, generally considered a less adaptive emotion regulation strategy (worse outcomes).
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.
Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI)
Tijdsspanne: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

The CFI consists of 20 items assessing two dimensions of cognitive flexibility: Alternatives (13 items) and Control (7 items). Total scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive flexibility (better outcomes). Alternatives reflects the ability to generate multiple explanations and solutions to difficult situations, whereas Control reflects the tendency to perceive difficult situations as controllable.
Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 4.

Medewerkers en onderzoekers

Hier vindt u mensen en organisaties die betrokken zijn bij dit onderzoek.

Sponsor

Tianjin Medical University General Hospital

Medewerkers

Tianjin Anding Hospital
Fuzhou Neuropsychiatric Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University

Studie record data

Deze datums volgen de voortgang van het onderzoeksdossier en de samenvatting van de ingediende resultaten bij ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieverslagen en gerapporteerde resultaten worden beoordeeld door de National Library of Medicine (NLM) om er zeker van te zijn dat ze voldoen aan specifieke kwaliteitscontrolenormen voordat ze op de openbare website worden geplaatst.

Bestudeer belangrijke data

Studie start (Werkelijk)

11 maart 2025

Primaire voltooiing (Geschat)

15 juni 2027

Studie voltooiing (Geschat)

15 juni 2027

Studieregistratiedata

Eerst ingediend

3 november 2026

Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria

6 november 2026

Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)

9 november 2026

Updates van studierecords

Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)

9 november 2026

Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria

6 november 2026

Laatst geverifieerd

1 november 2026

Meer informatie

Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie

Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden

Andere studie-ID-nummers

  • XY1895

Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)

Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?

NEE

Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel

Nee

Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct

Nee

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