Functional Effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training in Wrestlers
10. mai 2026 oppdatert av: Recep Baloglu, Hacettepe University
Functional Effects of Tendon Neuroplastic Training in Wrestlers With Shoulder Tendinopathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial
ABSTRACT AIM: The term tendinopathy describes multifaceted pathologies occurring in the tendon, characterized by pain, functional impairment, and decreased exercise tolerance. The aim of this study is to use Tendon Neuroplastic Training (TNT) in Wrestlers with shoulder tendinopathy between the ages of 14-25; To investigate its effects on balance, coordination, mental performance and shoulder functionality.
METHOD: After determining the sample size of the study with the G Power (Software 3.1.9.2) program, 26 athletes were randomly divided into two groups; the study group received a 4-week TNT training protocol, while the control group received 4 weeks of standard eccentric training. Both groups were given exercises for the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis and Biceps muscles. The athletes' balance with "Upper Quarter Y Balance", coordination with "Alternate Hand Wall Toss", and mental performance with Stroop Color-Word tests were evaluated. "Kerlan-Jobe" and "Western Ontario Rotator Cuff" scales were used to evaluate shoulder functionality and pain. All assessments were administered before and after exercise training. The data were analyzed statistically with the "IBM SPSS 25" package program.
Key Words: Athlete, Mental Test, Shoulder, Tendinopathy
Studieoversikt
Status
Fullført
Forhold
Intervensjon / Behandling
Studietype
Intervensjonell
Registrering (Faktiske)
26
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Kontakter og plasseringer
Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.
Studiesteder
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Kayseri
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Kayseri, Kayseri, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 38100
- Kayseri Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate
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Deltakelseskriterier
Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Barn
- Voksen
- Eldre voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Nei
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being a licensed athlete for at least one year
- Having a diagnosis of tendinopathy based on clinical and radiological examination
- To positive least three of the following diagnostic tests: Neer Test, Hawkins-Kennedy Test, Jobe-Supraspinatus Test, Painful arc at 60-120 degrees of shoulder abduction
- Pain level is below 2 out of 10 at rest and below 3 out of 10 during active movement according to the visual pain scale,
- No limitation in joint range of motion (at least 85% of the healthy side).
Exclusion Criteria:
• Having any vision or hearing problems
- Previous surgery at last 6 month
- Having diagnose complete tendon rupture
Studieplan
Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Annen
- Tildeling: Randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Enkelt
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / Behandling |
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Eksperimentell: Tendon Neuroplastic Training Group
The Group that Perceived Tendon Neuroplastic Training
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Tendon Neuroplastic Training can be adapted to isometric and isotonic exercises with a digital metronome program.
Tendon Neuroplastic Training has been reported to improve functionality and strength, reduce pain and cortical inhibition in athletes by generating 'adaptation' in central nervous system.
Resistance training planned with visual or auditory stimuli (externally paced), can induce changes on motor control.
the exercises paced to an external audio/visual cue on the participant's smartphone
Andre navn:
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Annen: Control Group
The Group that Perceived Standard Eccentric Training
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Tendon Neuroplastic Training can be adapted to isometric and isotonic exercises with a digital metronome program.
Tendon Neuroplastic Training has been reported to improve functionality and strength, reduce pain and cortical inhibition in athletes by generating 'adaptation' in central nervous system.
Resistance training planned with visual or auditory stimuli (externally paced), can induce changes on motor control.
the exercises paced to an external audio/visual cue on the participant's smartphone
Andre navn:
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Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
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Cognitive function
Tidsramme: "Baseline" and "week 4"
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Cognitive function was assessed with the Stroop Test TBAG (Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu) Form.
The Stroop Test also referred to as the Color- Word Task, was used to assess executive abilities, selective attention, and the ability to inhibit a habitual response.
In sports psychology research, the Stroop test and its derivations are commonly used to investigate the benefits of exercise on cognitive function.
Stroop Test TBAG Form consists of five cards.
For each section, the time taken by participants during the application was measured using a 0.01-second precision smartphone chronometer.
The completion time of reading the card, the number of errors and the number of corrections (if any) for each section were recorded on an evaluation form for each participant.
There are no minimum or maximum score values for this test.
A lower score means a better result.
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"Baseline" and "week 4"
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
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Sponsor
Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker
Den som er ansvarlig for å legge inn informasjon om studien leverer frivillig disse publikasjonene. Disse kan handle om alt relatert til studiet.
Generelle publikasjoner
- 1. Singh A, Sharan L, Shankhapal VR, Shenoy S. From shoulder to ankle: A cross-sectional study of tendinopathy prevalence across the athletic population. J Sport Rehabil Sci. 2026;3(1):1-10. 2. McCausland C, Sawyer E, Eovaldi BJ, Varacallo MA. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Shoulder Muscles. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023. 3. Maunder DJ, Nelson BC, Murthi AM, Hoffman RA. The Burden of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Wrestling: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Injury Types, and Competition-Level Comparisons. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2025;0(0). 4. Goodman AD, Twomey-Kozak J, DeFroda SF, Owens BD. Epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association wrestlers, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2018;46 (3):361-366. 5. Noh, Ji-Woong & Park, Byoung-Sun & Kim, Meeyoung & Lee, Lim-Kyu & Yang, Seung-Min & Lee, Won-Deok & Shin, Yong-Sub & Kim, Ju-Hyun & Lee, Jeong-Uk & Kwak, Taek-Yong & Lee, Tae-Hyun & Kim, Ju-Young & Park, Jaehong & Kim, Junghwan. (2015). Analysis of combat sports players' injuries according to playing style for sports physiotherapy research. Journal of physical therapy science. 27. 2425-30 6. Thomas RE, Zamanpour K. Injuries in wrestling: systematic review. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2018;46(2):168-196 7. Millar N, Silbernagel K, Thorborg K et al. Tendinopathy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2021;7(1):1 8. Reinking M. Tendinopathy in athletes. Phys Ther Sport. 2012; 13: 3-10 9. Taik, F. Z., Karkouri, S., Tahiri, L., Aachari, I., Moulay Berkchi, J., Hmamouchi, I., Abouqal, R., Rkain, H., & Allali, F. (2022). Effects of kinesiotaping on disability and pain in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: double-blind randomized clinical trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 23(1), 90 10. Aydeniz B, Ersoy S, Çinicioğlu M, Vural M. Evaluation of Kinesiophobia, Pain and Functional Status in Adhesive Capsulitis and Rotator Cu
Studierekorddatoer
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Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
15. mars 2024
Primær fullføring (Faktiske)
8. mars 2025
Studiet fullført (Faktiske)
22. oktober 2025
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
28. april 2026
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
10. mai 2026
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
14. mai 2026
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
14. mai 2026
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
10. mai 2026
Sist bekreftet
1. mai 2026
Mer informasjon
Begreper knyttet til denne studien
Nøkkelord
Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre studie-ID-numre
- 2022/10123
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