Assessing Outcomes of Three Different Museum-based Social Prescription Programs in Autistic Adults
Exploring the Feasibility of Social Prescription in People on the Autism Spectrum
This study will examine whether visiting the National Taiwan Museum can support the social and emotional well-being of autistic adults.
The research team plans to recruit 90 autistic adults aged 18 to 50 from the Department of Psychiatry at National Taiwan University Hospital. Participants must have average-range intellectual ability and be able and willing to complete the study activities and assessments. People with serious physical or mental health conditions that would prevent full participation will not be included. Participants must also agree to audio and video recording during the activities.
After an outpatient doctor confirms eligibility, participants will complete questionnaires and choose one of three museum participation options:
- Visit the museum once independently.
- Join five guided museum visits with group discussions.
- Invite a friend to visit the museum together.
Each group will include about 30 participants.
For the guided group, each session will last about 90 minutes and include a professional museum tour, a question-and-answer period, time for independent exploration, and a group discussion. Participants will be encouraged to select exhibits that interest them, record their observations, share their thoughts, listen to others, and respond to different viewpoints.
The five planned museum themes include Taiwan's history and identity, relationships between people and nature, architecture and living spaces, human evolution and the future, and attitudes toward money and financial planning. The discussions will explore everyday topics such as stereotypes, personal values, preferred living environments, hopes for the future, and managing money.
Participants will complete questionnaires before and after the program. These questionnaires will assess areas such as autistic characteristics, social communication, empathy, sensory experiences, comfort with social touch, emotional skills, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and anxiety during social interaction. Participants will also rate how enjoyable, comfortable, safe, interesting, and socially engaging they found the museum activities.
The researchers will compare participants' results before and after the program. They will also compare the three participation options to determine whether independent visits, guided group activities, or visiting with a friend produce different outcomes.
The overall goal is to understand whether museum-based activities can be used as a form of social prescribing to improve social participation, emotional well-being, confidence, and quality of life among autistic adults.
Studieoversikt
Status
Detaljert beskrivelse
This study will evaluate a museum-based social prescribing program for autistic adults with average-range intellectual functioning. Social prescribing is a person-centered approach that connects individuals with nonmedical community resources to support health, well-being, and social participation. Although social prescribing has been applied to people with chronic medical and psychiatric conditions, its effectiveness for autistic adults has not been well established. This study is being conducted through collaboration between the Department of Psychiatry at National Taiwan University Hospital and the National Taiwan Museum.
Approximately 90 autistic adults will be recruited through the outpatient services of National Taiwan University Hospital. After clinical referral and completion of baseline assessments, participants will select one of three museum participation programs, with a target enrollment of approximately 30 participants per group. Because participants choose their preferred program, assignment is nonrandomized.
The three programs are:
- **Independent Museum Visit:** Participants will visit the National Taiwan Museum once at a time of their choosing.
- **Guided Museum Program:** Participants will attend five structured group sessions, with approximately 10-15 participants per group. Each session will last approximately 90 minutes and will include a museum-guided introduction, a question-and-answer period, independent exploration of selected exhibits, and a facilitated group discussion.
- **Museum Visit With a Friend:** Participants will invite a friend or companion to visit the museum with them.
The guided program will use permanent museum exhibitions as prompts for social interaction, reflection, and discussion. Proposed themes include stereotypes and personal identity, relationships between people and nature, ideals and realities of living environments, human evolution and the future, and personal attitudes toward money and financial planning. During the discussion period, participants will share observations or photographs from the exhibits, listen to other participants, provide feedback, and express their own perspectives.
Quantitative assessments will be administered before participation and, for selected measures, after completion of the assigned museum program. Baseline assessments will characterize autism-related traits, social responsiveness, sensory processing, sensory sensitivity, attitudes toward social touch, emotional functioning, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and social interaction anxiety. Post-program assessments will focus on changes in emotional functioning, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and social interaction anxiety, as well as satisfaction with the museum experience.
Participants who complete their selected program may also be invited to take part in a focus group lasting approximately 30-60 minutes. The discussion will explore perceived benefits, difficulties, satisfaction, and recommendations for improving the program. Focus groups will be audio- and video-recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis.
Quantitative analyses will examine within-participant changes in emotional intelligence, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and social interaction anxiety. Differences among the three participation programs will also be evaluated, including differences in activity satisfaction and changes from baseline. Exploratory analyses will examine whether baseline autism-related, social, and sensory characteristics are associated with program response. Qualitative data will be summarized thematically to identify perceived benefits and areas requiring improvement.
All research records will be identified by study code rather than participant name. Paper records will be stored in locked cabinets, and electronic files, including audio and video recordings, will be stored on password-protected computers. Study data will be retained for 20 years and then destroyed according to institutional procedures.
Studietype
Registrering (Antatt)
Fase
- Ikke aktuelt
Kontakter og plasseringer
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Yi-Ling Chien, MD, PhD
- Telefonnummer: 266013 +866+223123456
- E-post: ntuh.peers@gmail.com
Studiesteder
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Taipei, Taiwan
- Rekruttering
- National Taiwan University Hospital
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Ta kontakt med:
- Yi-Ling Chien, MD, PhD
- Telefonnummer: 266013 +886-223123456
- E-post: ntuh.peers@gmail.com
-
-
Deltakelseskriterier
Kvalifikasjonskriterier
Alder som er kvalifisert for studier
- Voksen
Tar imot friske frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Meet the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder.
- Have intellectual functioning within the normal range.
- Be willing and able to participate in the study procedures.
- Be willing to attend the relevant museum activities and group discussions, when applicable.
- Agree to audio and video recording during relevant study activities.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Are unwilling to complete the required assessments.
- Have a serious physical or psychiatric condition that limits their physical stamina, emotional capacity, or ability to understand and complete the study procedures.
- Refuse audio or video recording.
Studieplan
Hvordan er studiet utformet?
Designdetaljer
- Primært formål: Støttende omsorg
- Tildeling: Ikke-randomisert
- Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
- Masking: Ingen (Open Label)
Våpen og intervensjoner
Deltakergruppe / Arm |
Intervensjon / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentell: Independent museum visit
Will visit the museum independently on one occasion
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Visit the museum independently on one occasion
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Eksperimentell: Guided museum visits and group discussions
Will attend five structured museum sessions with a group of approximately 10 to 15 participants.
Every session will consist of a guided museum visit followed by a facilitated group discussion.
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Participants will attend five structured museum sessions.
Each group will include approximately 10 to 15 participants.
Every session will consist of a guided museum visit followed by a facilitated group discussion.
|
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Eksperimentell: Museum visit with a friend
Will invite a friend or companion of their choice to visit the museum with them
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Participants will invite a friend or companion of their choice to visit the museum with them.
|
Hva måler studien?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Activity satisfaction
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
Participants will also complete an activity evaluation based on the University College London Museum Wellbeing Questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 12 items rated on a five-point scale from "never" to "always." It assesses whether participants: Felt happy. Became absorbed in the activity. Felt comfortable and relaxed. Felt safe and secure. Enjoyed the company of others. Enjoyed talking with other people. Found the activity new and interesting. Enjoyed taking part. Found the activity arrangement engaging. Considered the activity entertaining. Felt confident while participating. Experienced a sense of physical and emotional well-being after the activity. Higher scores suggest greater satisfaction. |
Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Loneliness
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
Measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, a 20-item measure of loneliness and perceived social isolation.
Participants indicate how often they experience feelings described in each item.
Higher scores indicate more loneliness.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Emotional intelligence
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale is a 33-item measure of emotional abilities.
It assesses areas such as expressing emotions, understanding one's own emotions, understanding the emotions of others, and using emotions to support problem-solving.
Higher scores suggest higher emotional intelligence and functioning.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Social interaction anxiety
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale is a self-report measure of anxiety experienced during interactions with other people.
Participants rate how closely each item reflects their usual experiences.
Higher scores indicate greater social interaction anxiety.
|
Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Depression
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21-item questionnaire used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.
Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.
|
Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
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Anxiety
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
Measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a 21-item questionnaire that assesses the severity of anxiety symptoms during the previous month.
It covers physical symptoms, nervous-system responses, panic-related symptoms, and subjective feelings of anxiety.
Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
Andre resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Tiltaksbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Autistic characteristics
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
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The Autism Spectrum Quotient is a 50-item questionnaire used to assess autistic characteristics.
It may be completed by the participant or an observer.
Items are rated using four response options and then converted into binary scores.
The total score ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating more pronounced autistic characteristics.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Empathy
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
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The Empathy Quotient is a 40-item questionnaire used to assess empathy-related abilities.
It may be completed by the participant or an observer.
Items are rated using four response options and converted into binary scores.
Lower total scores indicate greater difficulty with empathy.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Social responsiveness
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Social Responsiveness Scale is a 65-item measure of autistic characteristics that can be observed in everyday social situations.
It assesses social awareness, social information processing, reciprocal social communication, social avoidance, and restricted or repetitive behavior.
It may be completed by the participant or a caregiver.
Higher scores indicate greater social and behavioral difficulties associated with autism.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Sensory processing patterns
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile is a 60-item self-report questionnaire that assesses how individuals respond to sensory experiences in daily life. It covers visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell, body-position, and activity-related experiences. The measure evaluates four sensory-processing patterns: Low registration. Sensation seeking. Sensory sensitivity. Sensation avoiding. |
Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
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Sensory perception
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
|
The Sensory Perception Quotient is a brief 10-item self-report measure of sensitivity across five sensory systems: vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Each sensory area is assessed using two items.
Scores from all items are summed to provide an overall sensory-perception score.
Higher scores mean greater sensory perception and sensitivity.
|
Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Social touch sensistivity
Tidsramme: Change from baseline to after the intervention
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The Social Touch Questionnaire is a 20-item self-report measure used to assess comfort or discomfort with social touch.
Items are rated on a five-point scale.
Half of the items are reverse-scored.
Total scores range from 0 to 80, with higher scores reflecting greater discomfort or avoidance related to social touch.
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Change from baseline to after the intervention
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Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere
Samarbeidspartnere
Publikasjoner og nyttige lenker
Generelle publikasjoner
- BECK AT, WARD CH, MENDELSON M, MOCK J, ERBAUGH J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961 Jun;4:561-71. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. No abstract available.
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988 Dec;56(6):893-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893. No abstract available.
- Wilhelm FH, Kochar AS, Roth WT, Gross JJ. Social anxiety and response to touch: incongruence between self-evaluative and physiological reactions. Biol Psychol. 2001 Dec;58(3):181-202. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00113-2.
- Kim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh YJ, Fombonne E, Laska E, Lim EC, Cheon KA, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Lee H, Song DH, Grinker RR. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. Am J Psychiatry. 2011 Sep;168(9):904-12. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101532. Epub 2011 May 9.
- World Health Organization. (2022). A toolkit on how to implement social prescribing
- Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185-211.
- Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., & Minski, P. S. (2003). Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1091-1100.
- Petrides, K. V., & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.
- Zheng YP, Wei LA, Goa LG, Zhang GC, Wong CG. Applicability of the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory. Compr Psychiatry. 1988 Sep-Oct;29(5):484-9. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(88)90063-6.
- Yadav UN, Paudel G, Ghimire S, Khatiwada B, Gurung A, Parsekar SS, Mistry SK. A rapid review of opportunities and challenges in the implementation of social prescription interventions for addressing the unmet needs of individuals living with long-term chronic conditions. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 27;24(1):306. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-17736-2.
- Chrostek E, Teixeira L. Within host selection for faster replicating bacterial symbionts. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 18;13(1):e0191530. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191530. eCollection 2018.
- Wildman JM, Moffatt S, Steer M, Laing K, Penn L, O'Brien N. Service-users' perspectives of link worker social prescribing: a qualitative follow-up study. BMC Public Health. 2019 Jan 22;19(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6349-x.
- Simpson S, Furlong M, Giebel C. Exploring the enablers and barriers to social prescribing for people living with long-term neurological conditions: a focus group investigation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Nov 13;21(1):1230. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07213-6.
- Mulligan K, Bhatti S, Rayner J, Hsiung S. Social Prescribing: Creating Pathways Towards Better Health and Wellness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 Feb;68(2):426-428. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16249. Epub 2019 Dec 16. No abstract available.
- Moffatt S, Steer M, Lawson S, Penn L, O'Brien N. Link Worker social prescribing to improve health and well-being for people with long-term conditions: qualitative study of service user perceptions. BMJ Open. 2017 Jul 16;7(7):e015203. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015203.
- Mistry SK, Harris E, Li X, Harris MF. Feasibility and acceptability of involving bilingual community navigators to improve access to health and social care services in general practice setting of Australia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 May 11;23(1):476. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09514-4.
- Luo N, Fones CS, Thumboo J, Li SC. Factors influencing health-related quality of life of Asians with anxiety disorders in Singapore. Qual Life Res. 2004 Mar;13(2):557-65. doi: 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018484.89711.e2.
- Kiely B, Connolly D, Clyne B, Boland F, O'Donnell P, Shea EO, Smith SM. Primary care-based link workers providing social prescribing to improve health and social care outcomes for people with multimorbidity in socially deprived areas (the LinkMM trial): Pilot study for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. J Multimorb Comorb. 2021 May 20;11:26335565211017781. doi: 10.1177/26335565211017781. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
- Hanlon P, Gray CM, Chng NR, Mercer SW. Does Self-Determination Theory help explain the impact of social prescribing? A qualitative analysis of patients' experiences of the Glasgow 'Deep-End' Community Links Worker Intervention. Chronic Illn. 2021 Sep;17(3):173-188. doi: 10.1177/1742395319845427. Epub 2019 May 3.
- Greenberg DM, Warrier V, Allison C, Baron-Cohen S. Testing the Empathizing-Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 27;115(48):12152-12157. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1811032115. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
- Gibson K, Pollard TM, Moffatt S. Social prescribing and classed inequality: A journey of upward health mobility? Soc Sci Med. 2021 Jul;280:114037. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114037. Epub 2021 May 16.
- Drinkwater C, Wildman J, Moffatt S. Social prescribing. BMJ. 2019 Mar 28;364:l1285. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l1285. No abstract available.
- Chien IC, Lin CH, Chou YJ, Chou P. Prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorders among national health insurance enrollees in Taiwan from 1996 to 2005. J Child Neurol. 2011 Jul;26(7):830-4. doi: 10.1177/0883073810393964. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
- Chen YL, Chen WJ, Lin KC, Shen LJ, Gau SS. Prevalence of DSM-5 mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of children in Taiwan: methodology and main findings. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019 Jan 30;29:e15. doi: 10.1017/S2045796018000793.
- Carnes D, Sohanpal R, Frostick C, Hull S, Mathur R, Netuveli G, Tong J, Hutt P, Bertotti M. The impact of a social prescribing service on patients in primary care: a mixed methods evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Dec 19;17(1):835. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2778-y.
- Brandling, J., & House, W. (2007). Investigation into the feasibility of a social prescribing service in primary care: a pilot project. University of Bath and North East Somerset NHS Primary Care Trust
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13
- Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E. The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001 Feb;31(1):5-17. doi: 10.1023/a:1005653411471.
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Studierekorddatoer
Studer hoveddatoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Primær fullføring (Antatt)
Studiet fullført (Antatt)
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først innsendt
Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Først lagt ut (Faktiske)
Oppdateringer av studieposter
Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)
Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene
Sist bekreftet
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Andre studie-ID-numre
- 202404073RINA
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