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Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Based Educational Program on Glycemic Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Self-Management Knowledge, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM-SM-QOL-)

30 april 2026 uppdaterad av: JAWAD AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Jerash Private University

Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program on Glycemic Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Self-Management Knowledge, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program on glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the educational program or a control group receiving standard care.

The educational program is designed to enhance patients' confidence (self-efficacy) in managing their condition, including blood glucose monitoring, adherence to treatment, lifestyle modification, and self-care practices. Outcomes will be assessed using validated tools to measure improvements in self-monitoring behaviors, knowledge, and quality of life.

The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving diabetes management and patient outcomes.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires continuous self-management, including blood glucose monitoring, medication adherence, diet control, and lifestyle modification. Poor self-management is associated with increased risk of complications and reduced quality of life.

Self-efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to perform specific behaviors, plays a critical role in diabetes self-management. Educational interventions based on self-efficacy theory have shown potential in improving patients' confidence and ability to manage their condition effectively.

This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 400 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.

Participants in the intervention group will receive a structured educational program focusing on enhancing self-efficacy related to glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes knowledge, and self-care behaviors. The program will include interactive sessions, practical demonstrations, and educational materials. The control group will receive standard care provided by healthcare services.

Data will be collected at baseline and after the intervention using validated instruments to assess glycemic self-monitoring practices, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life.

The primary outcomes of this study include improvement in glycemic self-monitoring behaviors and diabetes-related knowledge. Secondary outcomes include improvement in health-related quality of life.

The results of this study are expected to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of self-efficacy-based interventions in chronic disease management and may inform future clinical practice and educational strategies.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

400

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

  • Jordanien
    • Dours
      • Jerash, Dours, Jordanien, 009627
        • Ministry of Health Primary Healthcare Centers
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
        • Huvudutredare:
          • Jawad AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Asst.Prof.Dr

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 years and above
  • Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
  • Attending Jordanian Ministry of Health healthcare facilities for at least six months with regular follow-up visits
  • Able to perform or learn self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
  • Able to use a glucometer independently
  • Willing to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes
  • Patients with physical or cognitive impairments that limit the ability to perform SMBG independently
  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • Patients with severe medical conditions such as renal failure or cardiovascular instability that may affect participation
  • Patients with other conditions that may hinder study participation
  • Patients who do not provide informed consent
  • Patients who fail to respond to study instruments
  • Patients who participated in similar educational programs within the past six months
  • Patients currently using corticosteroid medications due to their effect on blood glucose levels

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Övrig
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Ingen (Open Label)

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Self-Efficacy Educational Program Groups

Participants in this arm will receive a structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The intervention is based on self-efficacy theory and focuses on enhancing patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The program is delivered through structured educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals. It includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training covering blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, and prevention of diabetes-related complications.

Educational materials such as printed handouts and visual aids are provided to reinforce learning. The intervention is delivered over a defined number of sessions within a specific timeframe.
Beteende: Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program

A structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed for adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The program is grounded in self-efficacy theory and aims to enhance patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The intervention is delivered through scheduled educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals and includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training. Key topics include blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, complication prevention, and problem-solving strategies for diabetes self-care.

Educational materials such as printed booklets and visual aids are used to reinforce learning. The program is implemented over a defined number of sessions within a specified period, while the control group receives standard routine care only.
Aktiv komparator: Control Group

Participants in this arm will receive standard routine care for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as provided in usual clinical practice at the healthcare facilities. This includes regular follow-up visits, general medical advice, and standard education related to diabetes management as offered by healthcare providers.

No structured or additional self-efficacy-based educational program will be provided to this group. Participants will continue their usual care without any additional intervention from the research team.
Beteende: Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program

A structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed for adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The program is grounded in self-efficacy theory and aims to enhance patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The intervention is delivered through scheduled educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals and includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training. Key topics include blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, complication prevention, and problem-solving strategies for diabetes self-care.

Educational materials such as printed booklets and visual aids are used to reinforce learning. The program is implemented over a defined number of sessions within a specified period, while the control group receives standard routine care only.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors Measured Using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)
Tidsram: Baseline and 3 months after intervention
Change in diabetes self-management behaviors measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). The DSMQ is a 16-item validated self-report instrument developed by Schmitt et al. (2013) to assess diabetes self-care behaviors that influence glycemic control, including glucose management, dietary control, physical activity, and healthcare utilization. Items are rated on a Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better self-management.
Baseline and 3 months after intervention

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Diabetes Knowledge Measured Using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)
Tidsram: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention
Change in diabetes knowledge measured using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ). The DKQ is a validated 24-item instrument developed to assess patients' understanding of diabetes management, including causes, symptoms, complications, diet, exercise, medication adherence, and blood glucose control. Items are answered in a Yes/No/Don't know format, with one point awarded for each correct answer. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater diabetes knowledge.
Baseline and 3 months post-intervention

Andra resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Health-Related Quality of Life Measured Using the EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire
Tidsram: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention
Change in health-related quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. The EQ-5D-5L includes five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each rated on a 5-level scale ranging from no problems to extreme problems. The EQ-5D index score typically ranges from values below 0 (worse than death) to 1 (full health), where higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. Additionally, overall health status is assessed using the EQ Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS), ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health).
Baseline and 3 months post-intervention

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Jerash Private University

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: Jawad AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Asst.Prof.Dr, Jerash University, Faculty of Nursing

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

1 maj 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 maj 2026

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 oktober 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

24 april 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

30 april 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

6 maj 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

6 maj 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

30 april 2026

Senast verifierad

1 april 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • T2DM-SM-QOL-RCT-2026

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

NEJ

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because this study involves human subjects data collected for academic and institutional research purposes. Data confidentiality and participant privacy will be strictly maintained in accordance with ethical guidelines and institutional review board (IRB) requirements. Only aggregated results will be reported and published, and individual-level data will not be made publicly available.

Läkemedels- och apparatinformation, studiedokument

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Nej

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad produktprodukt

Nej

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