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Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Based Educational Program on Glycemic Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Self-Management Knowledge, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM-SM-QOL-)

30. april 2026 opdateret af: JAWAD AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Jerash Private University

Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program on Glycemic Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Self-Management Knowledge, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program on glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the educational program or a control group receiving standard care.

The educational program is designed to enhance patients' confidence (self-efficacy) in managing their condition, including blood glucose monitoring, adherence to treatment, lifestyle modification, and self-care practices. Outcomes will be assessed using validated tools to measure improvements in self-monitoring behaviors, knowledge, and quality of life.

The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving diabetes management and patient outcomes.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires continuous self-management, including blood glucose monitoring, medication adherence, diet control, and lifestyle modification. Poor self-management is associated with increased risk of complications and reduced quality of life.

Self-efficacy, defined as an individual's belief in their ability to perform specific behaviors, plays a critical role in diabetes self-management. Educational interventions based on self-efficacy theory have shown potential in improving patients' confidence and ability to manage their condition effectively.

This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-efficacy-based educational program among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 400 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.

Participants in the intervention group will receive a structured educational program focusing on enhancing self-efficacy related to glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes knowledge, and self-care behaviors. The program will include interactive sessions, practical demonstrations, and educational materials. The control group will receive standard care provided by healthcare services.

Data will be collected at baseline and after the intervention using validated instruments to assess glycemic self-monitoring practices, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life.

The primary outcomes of this study include improvement in glycemic self-monitoring behaviors and diabetes-related knowledge. Secondary outcomes include improvement in health-related quality of life.

The results of this study are expected to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of self-efficacy-based interventions in chronic disease management and may inform future clinical practice and educational strategies.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

400

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Jordan
    • Dours
      • Jerash, Dours, Jordan, 009627
        • Ministry of Health Primary Healthcare Centers
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:
        • Ledende efterforsker:
          • Jawad AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Asst.Prof.Dr

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 years and above
  • Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
  • Attending Jordanian Ministry of Health healthcare facilities for at least six months with regular follow-up visits
  • Able to perform or learn self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
  • Able to use a glucometer independently
  • Willing to participate and provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes
  • Patients with physical or cognitive impairments that limit the ability to perform SMBG independently
  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • Patients with severe medical conditions such as renal failure or cardiovascular instability that may affect participation
  • Patients with other conditions that may hinder study participation
  • Patients who do not provide informed consent
  • Patients who fail to respond to study instruments
  • Patients who participated in similar educational programs within the past six months
  • Patients currently using corticosteroid medications due to their effect on blood glucose levels

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Andet
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Self-Efficacy Educational Program Groups

Participants in this arm will receive a structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The intervention is based on self-efficacy theory and focuses on enhancing patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The program is delivered through structured educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals. It includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training covering blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, and prevention of diabetes-related complications.

Educational materials such as printed handouts and visual aids are provided to reinforce learning. The intervention is delivered over a defined number of sessions within a specific timeframe.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program

A structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed for adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The program is grounded in self-efficacy theory and aims to enhance patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The intervention is delivered through scheduled educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals and includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training. Key topics include blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, complication prevention, and problem-solving strategies for diabetes self-care.

Educational materials such as printed booklets and visual aids are used to reinforce learning. The program is implemented over a defined number of sessions within a specified period, while the control group receives standard routine care only.
Aktiv komparator: Control Group

Participants in this arm will receive standard routine care for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as provided in usual clinical practice at the healthcare facilities. This includes regular follow-up visits, general medical advice, and standard education related to diabetes management as offered by healthcare providers.

No structured or additional self-efficacy-based educational program will be provided to this group. Participants will continue their usual care without any additional intervention from the research team.
Adfærdsmæssigt: Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program

A structured self-efficacy-based educational program designed for adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to improve glycemic self-monitoring, diabetes self-management knowledge, and health-related quality of life. The program is grounded in self-efficacy theory and aims to enhance patients' confidence in performing diabetes self-care behaviors.

The intervention is delivered through scheduled educational sessions conducted by trained healthcare professionals and includes interactive lectures, group discussions, demonstrations, and practical training. Key topics include blood glucose self-monitoring, medication adherence, dietary management, physical activity, complication prevention, and problem-solving strategies for diabetes self-care.

Educational materials such as printed booklets and visual aids are used to reinforce learning. The program is implemented over a defined number of sessions within a specified period, while the control group receives standard routine care only.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors Measured Using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ)
Tidsramme: Baseline and 3 months after intervention
Change in diabetes self-management behaviors measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). The DSMQ is a 16-item validated self-report instrument developed by Schmitt et al. (2013) to assess diabetes self-care behaviors that influence glycemic control, including glucose management, dietary control, physical activity, and healthcare utilization. Items are rated on a Likert scale, with higher scores indicating better self-management.
Baseline and 3 months after intervention

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Diabetes Knowledge Measured Using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ)
Tidsramme: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention
Change in diabetes knowledge measured using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ). The DKQ is a validated 24-item instrument developed to assess patients' understanding of diabetes management, including causes, symptoms, complications, diet, exercise, medication adherence, and blood glucose control. Items are answered in a Yes/No/Don't know format, with one point awarded for each correct answer. Total scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater diabetes knowledge.
Baseline and 3 months post-intervention

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Health-Related Quality of Life Measured Using the EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire
Tidsramme: Baseline and 3 months post-intervention
Change in health-related quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. The EQ-5D-5L includes five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, each rated on a 5-level scale ranging from no problems to extreme problems. The EQ-5D index score typically ranges from values below 0 (worse than death) to 1 (full health), where higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. Additionally, overall health status is assessed using the EQ Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS), ranging from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health).
Baseline and 3 months post-intervention

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Jerash Private University

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Jawad AHMAD ABU-SHENNAR, Asst.Prof.Dr, Jerash University, Faculty of Nursing

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. maj 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. maj 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. oktober 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

24. april 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

30. april 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

6. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

6. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

30. april 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. april 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • T2DM-SM-QOL-RCT-2026

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because this study involves human subjects data collected for academic and institutional research purposes. Data confidentiality and participant privacy will be strictly maintained in accordance with ethical guidelines and institutional review board (IRB) requirements. Only aggregated results will be reported and published, and individual-level data will not be made publicly available.

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Kliniske forsøg med Diabetes mellitus type 2

Kliniske forsøg med Self-Efficacy-Based Educational Program

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