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Impact of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients

24 juli 2026 uppdaterad av: Rifdhani Fakhrudin Nur

The Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Surgical stress and preoperative fasting can induce insulin resistance, characterized by impaired cellular response to insulin and resulting hyperglycemia. In pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery, this metabolic stress response may negatively affect postoperative recovery. Although preoperative oral carbohydrate loading, defined as administering a carbohydrate-rich beverage before surgery rather than prolonged fasting, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing postoperative insulin resistance in adults, evidence supporting its use in pediatric cardiac surgery remains limited.

This randomized controlled trial aims to determine whether preoperative oral carbohydrate loading reduces perioperative insulin resistance, as measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study will compare outcomes between children who receive an oral carbohydrate beverage prior to surgery and those who follow standard preoperative fasting protocols.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

This study is a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of pediatric patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from April to August 2026. The study sample consisted of pediatric patients aged 2-16 years with an ASA physical status of 2 or 3 who had good tolerance for enteral fluid administration. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1. Intervention Group (Carbohydrate Loading): 3 mL/kg body weight of a maltodextrin-based carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia; 2. Control Group (Placebo Loading): 3 mL/kg body weight of plain water 2 hours before anesthesia. All patients will follow standard preoperative fasting guidelines. Blood samples for glucose and insulin testing will be collected immediately after induction (baseline), at 0 hours of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and at 24 hours of ICU admission. The primary outcome is the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes include blood glucose levels, serum insulin concentration, exogenous insulin dose, and glycemic variability.

All study participants will undergo preoperative assessment, followed by a carbohydrate-loading protocol, and assessment of blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, exogenous insulin administration, and intraoperative and postoperative glycemic variability. Numerical data will be presented as means and standard deviations. Categorical data will be presented as counts and percentages. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test will be applied to all numerical data. Subject characteristics between the two groups will be compared using the Chi-square test for categorical data and the t-test (for normally distributed data) or the Mann-Whitney test (for non-normally distributed data) for numerical data. Pre- and postoperative HOMA-IR values will be compared using a paired t-test if the data are normally distributed, or a two-way ANCOVA (univariate GLM) if they are not. A p-value < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

44

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studiekontakt

Studieorter

  • Indonesien
    • D.I. Yogyakarta
      • Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta, Indonesien, 55281

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 2-16 years.
  • ASA physical status 2 or 3
  • Good tolerance of enteral feeding

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • History of thyroid insufficiency treated with thyroid medication.
  • History of adrenal insufficiency treated with corticosteroids.
  • History of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
  • Patients receiving preoperative parenteral nutrition.
  • Emergency or urgent cardiac surgery.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Stödjande vård
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Enda

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Carbohydrate Loading (CL)
Participants receive 3 mL/kg body weight of a carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia induction.
Kosttillskott: Carbohydrate
Participants receive 3 mL/kg body weight of a carbohydrate drink 2 hours before anesthesia induction. The drink is used to lower insulin resistance and improve perioperative recovery.
Andra namn:
  • Oralt kolhydratdryck
  • preoperative carbohydrate loading drink
Placebo-jämförare: Placebo Loading (PL)
Participants receive 3 mL/kg body weight of plain water 2 hours before surgery, following the same timing and fasting protocol as the experimental group
Övrig: placebo solution
Participants receive 3 mL/kg body weight of plain water 2 hours before surgery, following the same timing and fasting protocol as the experimental group.
Andra namn:
  • Vanligt vatten
  • Klart vatten placebo

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance)
Tidsram: Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is calculated as fasting insulin (µU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5. Higher values indicate greater insulin resistance.
Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Blood Glucose Level
Tidsram: Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Blood glucose measured from central venous samples to assess changes in glucose metabolism during and after cardiac surgery.
Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Serum Insulin Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Serum insulin level measured from central venous blood samples to characterize perioperative insulin changes. Higher values indicate higher circulating insulin.
Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Exogenous Insulin Dose
Tidsram: Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Total daily dose of exogenous insulin (basal and/or bolus) required to achieve glycemic control will be recorded, expressed in units per day (U/day) or units per kilogram body weight per day (U/kg/day). Change in insulin dose from baseline will be used to reflect changes in insulin requirement/sensitivity.
Baseline, 0 hour ICU Admission, 24 hours ICU Admission
Glycemic Variability
Tidsram: Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 Hours ICU Admission
Glycemic variability is defined as the fluctuation of blood glucose levels during the perioperative period, calculated from serial blood glucose measurements. Variability will be expressed as the standard deviation (SD) and/or coefficient of variation (%CV) of serial glucose values (numeric/continuous scale). Higher SD/CV values indicate greater glycemic fluctuation during the perioperative period.
Baseline, 0 Hour ICU Admission, 24 Hours ICU Admission

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Sponsor

Rifdhani Fakhrudin Nur

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

25 augusti 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

30 oktober 2026

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 november 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

21 juli 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

24 juli 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

27 juli 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

27 juli 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

24 juli 2026

Senast verifierad

1 juli 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • KE/FK/1142/EC/2026

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivning

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding investigator after publication of study results.

IPD-delning som stöder informationstyp

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAV
  • ICF

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