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Effect of Chickpea Protein Hydrolysate Supplementation on Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Plasma Markers During a Football Tournament: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial (PROVERDE)

10 augusti 2026 uppdaterad av: Justo Javier Pedroche Jimenez, Instituto de la Grasa

Evaluation of New Disruptive Technologies (Steam Explosion) in the Design of Tailor-made Plant Protein Hydrolysates Applied to Sport Nutrition (PROVERDE)

This randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluated the safety and potential beneficial effects of a beverage containing chickpea protein hydrolysate in football players. Participants received the chickpea protein hydrolysate beverage and a matched protein-containing placebo beverage during two four-week intervention periods separated by a two-week washout period. The study assessed biochemical safety parameters, antioxidant status, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, muscle damage markers, dietary intake, and body composition.

Studieöversikt

Detaljerad beskrivning

The study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover nutritional intervention conducted in football players during the competitive season. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two intervention sequences, with allocation balanced according to playing position.

During the first four-week intervention period, one sequence received the experimental beverage containing chickpea protein hydrolysate, whereas the other sequence received a matched placebo beverage. This was followed by a two-week washout period. During the second four-week intervention period, the treatments were crossed over so that each participant received the alternative beverage. A further two-week washout period was included after the second intervention.

On training days, the experimental beverage was consumed 2-4 hours before training at a dose providing 0.2 g protein/kg body weight and approximately 30 minutes after training at a dose providing 0.3 g protein/kg body weight. The placebo beverage followed the same administration schedule and was designed to have a similar appearance and taste and the same protein content, but from a different protein source.

Blood sampling, dietary assessment, and anthropometric measurements were scheduled at baseline and during the intervention and washout periods. The study evaluated biochemical markers related to protein and hepatic metabolism, hematological parameters, glucose and insulin, antioxidant status, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, muscle damage markers, adverse events, dietary intake, and body composition.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

51

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

    • Andalusia
      • Cadiz, Andalusia, Spanien
        • Ciudad Deportiva Bahía de Cádiz

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn
  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Football player belonging to one of the participating professional, semiprofessional, or amateur football teams.
  • Regular participation in the team's training sessions and matches.
  • Considered healthy based on medical history, biochemical assessment, body composition, lifestyle assessment, and dietary evaluation.
  • Ability and willingness to comply with the study procedures and beverage consumption schedule.
  • Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, or metabolic syndrome.
  • Overweight, renal impairment, or hepatic impairment.
  • Abnormal biochemical test results considered clinically relevant by the research team.
  • Known allergy to chickpea.
  • Use of medication or nutritional supplements during the four weeks preceding enrollment.
  • Current smoking.
  • Participation in another similar study during the previous three months.
  • Completion of less than 75% of the scheduled training sessions or matches during the study.
  • Failure to consume 100% of the assigned study beverage.
  • Any circumstance that, in the opinion of the research team, could impair participation or compliance with the study procedures.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Övrig
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Crossover tilldelning
  • Maskning: Dubbel

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Chickpea Protein Hydrolysate Followed by Maltodextrin Placebo
Participants received the chickpea protein hydrolysate beverage for four weeks, followed by a two-week washout period. They subsequently received the maltodextrin placebo beverage for four weeks, followed by a final two-week washout period.
A powdered beverage containing chickpea protein hydrolysate was reconstituted in water before consumption. On training days, participants consumed a dose providing 0.2 g protein/kg body weight 2-4 hours before training and 0.3 g protein/kg body weight approximately 30 minutes after training. The intervention was administered for four weeks during the corresponding study period.
Experimentell: Maltodextrin Placebo Followed by Chickpea Protein Hydrolysate
Participants received the maltodextrin placebo beverage for four weeks, followed by a two-week washout period. They subsequently received the chickpea protein hydrolysate beverage for four weeks, followed by a final two-week washout period.
A maltodextrin-containing placebo beverage designed to resemble the chickpea protein hydrolysate beverage in appearance and taste. The placebo was administered according to the same timing schedule as the experimental beverage for four weeks during the corresponding study period.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Number of Participants With Adverse Events During Each Intervention Period
Tidsram: During the first 4-week intervention period and the second 4-week intervention period, up to Week 10
The number of participants reporting one or more adverse events during consumption of the chickpea protein hydrolysate beverage or the maltodextrin placebo beverage was recorded. Adverse events included any unfavorable symptom or clinical event reported by a participant or identified by the research team during the intervention periods.
During the first 4-week intervention period and the second 4-week intervention period, up to Week 10
Change in Circulating Interleukin-6 Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Interleukin-6 concentration was measured using a commercial immunoassay.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Circulating Interleukin-8 Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Interleukin-8 concentration was measured using a commercial immunoassay.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in C-Reactive Protein Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
CRP concentration was measured using a commercial immunoassay.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Creatine Kinase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Kinase activity was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Myoglobin Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Myoglobin Concentration was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Antioxidant Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Glutathione Peroxidase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Glutathione Reductase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Glutathione Reductase Activity was measured in fasting blood samples. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the value at the end of the 4-week phase minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value. Changes during the chickpea protein hydrolysate and maltodextrin placebo phases were compared within participants.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Serum Creatinine Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Alanine Aminotransferase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Activity
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Change in Red Blood Cell Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Red Blood Cell Count was measured in fasting blood samples as part of the predefined biochemical and hematological safety assessment. For the crossover comparison, the change during each intervention phase was calculated as the end-of-phase value minus the corresponding phase-specific baseline value.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Hemoglobin Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Hematocrit
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Mean Corpuscular Volume
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Red Cell Distribution Width
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Total Leukocyte Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Neutrophil Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Lymphocyte Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Monocyte Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Eosinophil Count
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Basophil Count
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Platelet Count
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Mean Platelet Volume
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Serum Urea Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Blood Urea Nitrogen Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Total Protein Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Total Bilirubin Concentration
Tidsram: Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Baseline and Weeks 4, 6, 10, and 12; the primary crossover comparison used the phase-specific changes from Weeks 0 to 4 and Weeks 6 to 10.
Change in Fasting Glucose Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Fasting Insulin Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Total Cholesterol Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Triglyceride Concentration
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.

Andra resultatmått

Resultatmått
Tidsram
Change in Body Mass
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Body Mass Index
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of each 4-week intervention period, corresponding to Weeks 0, 4, 6, and 10.
Change in Daily Energy Intake
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Change in Daily Carbohydrate Intake
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Change in Daily Protein Intake
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Change in Daily Fat Intake
Tidsram: Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.
Phase-specific baseline and end of intervention period, corresponding to Week 10.

Samarbetspartners och utredare

Det är här du hittar personer och organisationer som är involverade i denna studie.

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: Justo Javier Pedroche Jiménez, PhD, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
  • Huvudutredare: María Soledad MS Fernández Pachón, PhD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide
  • Huvudutredare: José Antonio JA González Jurado, PhD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide
  • Huvudutredare: Noelia María NM Rodríguez Martín, PhD, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)

Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

14 februari 2022

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

17 maj 2022

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

17 maj 2022

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

10 augusti 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

10 augusti 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

14 augusti 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

14 augusti 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

10 augusti 2026

Senast verifierad

1 augusti 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • PID2019-111368RB-I00 (Annan identifierare: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Plan Nacional)
  • IDI-20200562 (Annan identifierare: Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI))

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

NEJ

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data will not be shared because external sharing of participant-level data was not included in the original informed consent and no prospective IPD sharing plan was established.

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