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Diaphragmatic Facilitation and Upper Extremity Performance in Volleyball Players

25 augusti 2026 uppdaterad av: Kubra Kardes, Istinye University

Immediate Effects of Diaphragmatic Facilitation on Upper Extremity Performance in Volleyball Players

The diaphragm contributes to both respiration and trunk stabilization. Effective diaphragmatic function may support postural control, force transfer, and upper extremity performance during dynamic activities. However, evidence regarding the immediate effects of manual diaphragmatic facilitation on upper extremity performance in athletes remains limited.

This study aims to investigate the immediate effects of manual diaphragmatic facilitation on upper extremity performance and respiratory function in actively participating volleyball players. Participants will receive an approximately 15-minute session of manual diaphragmatic facilitation. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and upper extremity strength, stability, and endurance will be assessed immediately before and after the intervention. Assessments will include spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the Medicine Ball Throw Test, the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and the Scapular Endurance Test.

Studieöversikt

Status

Rekrytering

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

50

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged between 18 and 30 years.
  • Regularly participating in volleyball for at least one year.
  • Training at least twice per week or actively participating in volleyball at the league or tournament level.
  • No history of a serious upper extremity or trunk injury within the previous six months, i-including injuries affecting the shoulder, scapular region, or spine.
  • No diagnosed chronic respiratory disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or allergic bronchitis.
  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of surgery involving the upper extremity, spine, or trunk within the previous six months, including shoulder arthroscopy or spinal disc surgery.
  • Presence of an active musculoskeletal injury, including tendinopathy, bursitis, or ligament injury.
  • Presence of a diagnosed respiratory disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or bronchiectasis.
  • Presence of a diagnosed postural or spinal deformity that may affect study assessments, including scoliosis, clinically significant kyphosis, or clinically significant lordosis.
  • History of a neurological or cardiovascular disease.

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Behandling
  • Tilldelning: Randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallellt uppdrag
  • Maskning: Dubbel

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: Intervention Group
Diaphragmatic Facilitation Group
Övrig: Diaphragmatic Facilitation
Following a standardized dynamic warm-up, participants in the intervention group will receive a single session of manual resisted diaphragmatic facilitation.
Experimentell: Control Group
Sham Control Group
Övrig: Sham Facilitation
Participants in the control group will complete the same dynamic warm-up protocol, followed by a sham intervention consisting of superficial, non-facilitatory palpation and general breathing instructions.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Forced Vital Capacity
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Forced vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that a participant can forcibly exhale after taking the deepest possible breath. It will be measured by spirometry and recorded in liters. Higher values generally indicate greater ventilatory capacity, whereas lower values may indicate reduced pulmonary capacity or expiratory limitation.
4 weeks
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Forced expiratory volume in one second is the volume of air that a participant can forcibly exhale during the first second of a forced expiratory maneuver. It will be measured by spirometry and recorded in liters. Higher values generally indicate better expiratory airflow, whereas lower values may indicate reduced expiratory airflow.
4 weeks
Ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second to Forced Vital Capacity
Tidsram: 4 weeks
The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity represents the proportion of the forced vital capacity exhaled during the first second of a forced expiratory maneuver. It will be calculated from spirometric measurements and reported as a percentage. Higher values generally indicate a greater proportion of air expelled during the first second, whereas lower values may indicate expiratory airflow limitation. The results will be interpreted with consideration of age- and sex-appropriate reference values.
4 weeks
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Maximal inspiratory pressure will be used to assess inspiratory muscle strength, primarily reflecting the function of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles. The measurement will be repeated three times, and the highest valid value will be recorded in centimeters of water. A higher absolute pressure value indicates greater inspiratory muscle strength, whereas a lower absolute pressure value indicates weaker inspiratory muscle strength.
4 weeks
Maximal Expiratory Pressure
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Maximal expiratory pressure will be used to assess expiratory muscle strength, particularly the strength of the abdominal and other expiratory muscles. The measurement will be repeated three times, and the highest valid value will be recorded in centimeters of water. A higher pressure value indicates greater expiratory muscle strength, whereas a lower pressure value indicates weaker expiratory muscle strength.
4 weeks
Medicine Ball Throw Distance
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Upper extremity explosive power will be assessed using the Medicine Ball Throw Test. The participant will sit with the back supported against a wall and the legs extended and will be instructed to throw the medicine ball as far as possible. Throwing distance will be measured in meters. A longer distance indicates greater upper extremity explosive power, whereas a shorter distance indicates lower explosive power.
4 weeks
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Score
Tidsram: 4 weeks
Upper extremity stability, strength, power, and endurance will be assessed using the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. The participant will assume a push-up position with the hands placed on two markers positioned 90 centimeters apart. The participant will alternately move each hand across the body to touch the opposite marker during the specified test period. The total number of valid touches will be recorded. A higher number of touches indicates better upper extremity functional performance and stability, whereas a lower number indicates poorer performance.
4 weeks
Scapular Muscular Endurance Time
Tidsram: 4 weeks
The functional endurance of the scapular stabilizing muscles will be assessed using the Scapular Muscular Endurance Test. An appropriately sized wooden rod will be positioned between the participant's elbows while both scapulae are maintained in a neutral position. The length of time for which the participant can maintain the standardized test position will be recorded in seconds. A longer duration indicates greater scapular muscular endurance, whereas a shorter duration indicates lower scapular muscular endurance.
4 weeks

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

Istinye University

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

30 augusti 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

15 november 2026

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

30 november 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

21 augusti 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

21 augusti 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

25 augusti 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

27 augusti 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

25 augusti 2026

Senast verifierad

1 augusti 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 2025/07

Läkemedels- och apparatinformation, studiedokument

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