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Stair Biomechanics and Vibration Study After ACLR

2 november 2026 uppdaterad av: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Gait and Stair Negotiation and Effects of Vibratory Stimuli Following ACL Reconstruction

This study examines how people who have had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) move their legs during walking and stair negotiation, and whether a single session of vibration changes how they ascend and descend stairs.

Participants with ACLR (1 to 3 years after surgery) complete three laboratory visits. At the first visit, they complete walking, stair negotiation, muscle strength, hopping tests, and questionnaires, and stair negotiation is measured before and after a control condition without vibration. At the second and third visits, they receive whole-body vibration (standing on a vibrating platform) or local muscle vibration (a device placed over the thigh muscle) in a counterbalanced order, and stair negotiation is measured before and after each vibration session. Healthy participants matched by sex, age, and activity level complete one visit with the same tests as the first ACLR visit, for comparison.

Studieöversikt

Status

Har inte rekryterat ännu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljerad beskrivning

Individuals with ACLR commonly show altered lower extremity biomechanics and quadriceps dysfunction that may contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis. Stair negotiation places greater demands on the knee than level walking, yet findings on stair biomechanics after ACLR are inconsistent. Whole-body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) acutely improve quadriceps function and gait biomechanics after ACLR, but their effects on stair biomechanics are unknown.

Aims: 1. to compare lower extremity biomechanics during gait, stair ascent, and stair descent between individuals 1 to 3 years after ACLR and matched healthy controls; 2. to determine inter-limb differences in biomechanics during gait and stair negotiation within individuals with ACLR; 3. to evaluate the acute effects of WBV and LMV on stair ascent and descent biomechanics in individuals with ACLR compared with a control condition.

Design: a case-control comparison nested within a single-blind, repeated-measures crossover design. ACLR participants complete three visits separated by at least 48 hours. Visit 1 is a baseline session with stair biomechanics assessed before and after a control condition (no vibration), plus gait biomechanics, isometric quadriceps and hamstring strength, single-leg and triple hop tests, and patient-reported outcomes. At visits 2 and 3, participants receive WBV and LMV in counterbalanced order, with stair biomechanics assessed immediately before and after the intervention. For all conditions, participants hold a squatted position (approximately 60 degrees of knee flexion) for 1 minute, repeated 6 times with 2 minutes of rest. WBV is delivered via a vibrating platform (30 Hz, 2 g). The control condition uses the same posture and timing without vibration. Healthy controls complete one visit identical to ACLR visit 1.

Biomechanics are collected with 3D motion capture synchronized with force plates under the second and third steps of an instrumented staircase. The data collector and outcome assessor are blinded to the vibration condition, which is administered by a separate research assistant.

Studietyp

Interventionell

Inskrivning (Beräknad)

52

Fas

  • Inte tillämpbar

Kontakter och platser

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Studiekontakt

Studera Kontakt Backup

Studieorter

  • Förenta staterna
    • North Carolina
      • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Förenta staterna, 27599
        • Motion Analysis Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
        • Kontakt:
        • Kontakt:

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

18 år till 39 år (Vuxen)

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Kön som är behöriga för studier

Allt

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria (all participants):

  • Age 18 to 39 years
  • Able to read, understand, and communicate in English sufficiently to provide informed consent and follow instructions

Inclusion Criteria (ACLR group):

  • Primary, unilateral ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft
  • 1 to 3 years after ACL reconstruction
  • Cleared by surgeon to return to unrestricted physical activity
  • Returned to unrestricted walking, stair negotiation, and hopping activities

Exclusion Criteria (ACLR group):

  • History of ACL injury to the opposite leg
  • History of any knee surgery other than ACL reconstruction
  • Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in any joint in either leg
  • Major lower extremity injury (requiring surgery or more than 3 weeks of medical treatment) in the previous 6 months
  • History of neurological disorder (e.g., stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis)
  • Currently pregnant

Inclusion Criteria (healthy controls):

  • No history of ACL injury or knee surgery
  • No history of major lower extremity injury (requiring surgery or more than 3 weeks of medical treatment)
  • Matched to an ACLR participant by sex, age (within 3 years), and Tegner activity level (within 1 level)

Exclusion Criteria (healthy controls):

  • Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in any joint in either leg
  • Major lower extremity injury in the previous 6 months
  • History of neurological disorder (e.g., stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis)
  • Currently pregnant

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

  • Primärt syfte: Grundläggande vetenskap
  • Tilldelning: Icke-randomiserad
  • Interventionsmodell: Crossover tilldelning
  • Maskning: Enda

Vapen och interventioner

Deltagargrupp / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Experimentell: ACLR: WBV then LMV

Visit 1 control condition; Visit 2 whole-body vibration; Visit 3 local muscle vibration (at least 48 hours apart)
Övrig: Whole-body Vibration

Standing on a vibrating platform (Power Plate Pro 5) in a squatted position (approximately 60 degrees of knee flexion), 30 Hz, 2 g, 1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest.

Andra namn:
  • WBV
Övrig: Local Muscle Vibraton

A vibration device secured over the quadriceps muscle belly while standing in the same squatted position on the deactivated platform, 30 Hz, 2 g, 1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest.

Andra namn:
  • LMV
Övrig: Control condition

Same squatted position and timing (1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest) without vibration.
Experimentell: ACLR: LMV then WBV

Visit 1 control condition; Visit 2 local muscle vibration; Visit 3 whole-body vibration (at least 48 hours apart)
Övrig: Whole-body Vibration

Standing on a vibrating platform (Power Plate Pro 5) in a squatted position (approximately 60 degrees of knee flexion), 30 Hz, 2 g, 1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest.

Andra namn:
  • WBV
Övrig: Local Muscle Vibraton

A vibration device secured over the quadriceps muscle belly while standing in the same squatted position on the deactivated platform, 30 Hz, 2 g, 1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest.

Andra namn:
  • LMV
Övrig: Control condition

Same squatted position and timing (1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest) without vibration.
Övrig: Healthy controls

Single visit with the control condition; matched to ACLR participants by sex, age, (within 3 years), and Tegner activity level (within 1 level).
Övrig: Control condition

Same squatted position and timing (1 minute x 6 exposures with 2 minutes of rest) without vibration.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Peak Hip Flexion Angle
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Maximum hip flexion angle during stance (degrees). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Peak Knee Flexion Angle
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Maximum hip flexion angle during stance (degrees). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Peak Ankle Flexion Angle
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle during stance (degrees). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Knee Valgus Angle
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Peak knee valgus (abduction) angle during stance (degrees). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Knee Flexion Displacement
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Change in knee flexion angle from initial contact to peak knee flexion during stance (degrees). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Sagittal Plane Knee Moment
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Peak internal knee extension moment during stance, normalized to body weight x height. Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Frontal Plane Knee Moment
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Peak internal knee abduction moment (equivalent to the external knee adduction moment) during stance, normalized to body weight x height. Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Peak vertical ground reaction force during stance, normalized to body weight (xBW). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Anterior Tibial Shear Force
Tidsram: Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).

Peak anterior tibial shear force during stance, normalized to body weight (xBW). Measured with 3D motion capture and force plates during the stance phase of preferred-speed overground gait, stair ascent, and stair descent (5 trials per task, averaged), in both limbs of participants with ACLR and healthy controls.
Gait: visit 1. Stair ascent and descent: visit 1 before and after the control condition, and visits 2 and 3 immediately before and after vibration (visits at least 48 hours apart, within about 2 weeks).
Isometric Quadriceps Peak Torque
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque measured on an isokinetic dynamometer (knee flexed 90 degrees, hip flexed 85 degrees); mean of 3 contractions per limb, normalized to body mass (Nm/kg).
Visit 1 (baseline)
Isometric Hamstring Peak Torque
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Maximal voluntary isometric knee flexion torque measured on an isokinetic dynamometer (knee flexed 90 degrees, hip flexed 85 degrees); mean of 3 contractions per limb, normalized to body mass (Nm/kg).
Visit 1 (baseline)
Quadriceps Rate of Torque Development
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Rate of torque development during maximal voluntary isometric knee extension contractions; mean of 3 contractions per limb, normalized to body mass (Nm/kg/s).
Visit 1 (baseline)
Hamstring Rate of Torque Development
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Rate of torque development during maximal voluntary isometric knee flexion contractions; mean of 3 contractions per limb, normalized to body mass (Nm/kg/s).
Visit 1 (baseline)
Single-Leg Hop for Distance
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Distance hopped on one leg, measured from the take-off line to the landing point of the heel; mean of 3 successful trials per limb (cm).
Visit 1 (baseline)
Triple Hop for Distance
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Distance covered in three consecutive hops on one leg, measured from the take-off line to the landing point of the heel; mean of 3 successful trials per limb (cm).
Visit 1 (baseline)

Andra resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Self-reported knee symptoms, function, and sports activity; score 0 to 100, higher scores indicate better knee function. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Five subscales (Pain, Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living, Sport and Recreation, Knee-Related Quality of Life), each scored 0 to 100, higher scores indicate fewer problems. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Fear of movement and re-injury; score 11 to 44, higher scores indicate greater fear. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
Tegner Activity Scale
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Activity level; score 0 to 10, higher scores indicate higher activity levels. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
Marx Activity Rating Scale
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Frequency of running, cutting, decelerating, and pivoting; score 0 to 16, higher scores indicate more frequent activity. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life (ACL-QOL) Questionnaire
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

ACL-specific quality of life; score 0 to 100, higher scores indicate better quality of life. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)
ACL Reasons Survey
Tidsram: Visit 1 (baseline)

Self-reported return-to-activity status and reasons for limited physical activity after ACL injury. The survey has no total score. Responses will be reported descriptively as the number (%) of participants cleared to return to unrestricted activity, the number (%) in each activity category (as physically active as before injury; as active but participation is more challenging; less active than before injury), the number (%) selecting each of the 14 listed reasons, and the number (%) ranking each reason as most important. Reported for participants with ACLR. Baseline patient-reported measure collected for participant characterization and prespecified covariate analyses.
Visit 1 (baseline)

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Utredare

  • Huvudutredare: Sansung Hwang, MS, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
  • Studiestol: Troy Blackburn, PhD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Publikationer och användbara länkar

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Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Beräknad)

1 november 2026

Primärt slutförande (Beräknad)

1 november 2028

Avslutad studie (Beräknad)

1 november 2028

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

2 november 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

2 november 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

6 november 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

6 november 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

2 november 2026

Senast verifierad

1 oktober 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • 26-0478
  • 26-SRC049 (Annan identifierare: UNC-CH Scientific Review Committee)

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

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NEJ

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data will not be shared outside the research team. Study results will be reported in aggregate in publications and presentations, and the informed consent does not include provisions for sharing individual-level data with other researchers or public repositories.

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