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Effect of Hot Spring Therapy on Central Fatigue Elimination During Altitude Training (HSCF-AHT)

2026年5月22日 更新者：Ziyue Ou、Macao Polytechnic University

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Hot Spring Therapy Balneotherapy on Central Activation, Cognitive Function, and Exercise Performance in Adolescent Rowers During Altitude Training

This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of hot spring balneotherapy on central fatigue elimination in adolescent rowers undergoing altitude training at approximately 1600 meters (Tengchong, Yunnan). Thirty adolescent athletes (aged 12-16 years) will be stratified by sex and randomly allocated to three groups: Group A (natural recovery, no immersion), Group B (38°C pure water immersion), and Group C (38°C sodium bicarbonate hot spring immersion). Interventions will be administered 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are central fatigue indices including voluntary activation (VA) and central activation ratio (CAR). Secondary outcomes encompass cognitive function (Stroop test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test), cerebral hemodynamics (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound), exercise performance (maximal oxygen uptake, 1000m test, 500m test), blood lactate, and hematological parameters (white blood cells, neutrophils, platelets).

研究概览

地位

招聘中

条件

干预/治疗

详细说明

Altitude training induces central fatigue characterized by decreased descending neural drive from the brain to skeletal muscle, reduced voluntary activation, and impaired cognitive function. This study employs a stratified randomized block design to evaluate whether post-exercise hot spring immersion can accelerate central fatigue recovery compared to pure warm water immersion and natural recovery. All participants will undergo standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude. Group C will receive immersion in natural hot spring water at 38°C for 20 minutes. Group B will receive immersion in pure water at the same temperature and duration as a thermal control. Group A will undergo standard training recovery without immersion. The study incorporates partial blinding: Groups B and C are single-blinded to participants (identical appearance and protocol); Group A serves as an open-label control. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-altitude), mid-intervention (Week 2), end-intervention (Week 4), and follow-up (1-2 weeks post-altitude).

研究类型

介入性

注册 (估计的)

27

阶段

  • 不适用

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习联系方式

学习地点

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 孩子

接受健康志愿者

是的

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or female aged 12-16 years- Healthy with no serious chronic diseases or skin conditions
  • At least 1 year of systematic rowing training experience
  • Currently undergoing centralized altitude training at approximately 1600 meters- No history of systematic hot spring or spa immersion within the past month
  • No allergy history to sodium bicarbonate or hot spring minerals- Ability to provide written informed assent (participant) and written informed consent (parent/guardian)- No acute infection, fracture, or surgery within the past month
  • Not currently taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, or medications affecting autonomic or cognitive function

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, or neurological disorders- Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension
  • History of syncope, heat intolerance, or severe dizziness during hot water immersion- Open wounds, severe eczema, or other skin conditions contraindicating water immersion
  • Current use of beta-blockers, anticholinergics, stimulants, sedatives, or other medications affecting central nervous system function
  • Color blindness or uncorrected visual impairment affecting Stroop test performance- Pregnancy (for female participants)- Alcohol consumption or smoking
  • Shift work or trans-meridian travel within 2 weeks prior to baseline assessment
  • Any condition deemed by the investigator as unsafe for participation

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

  • 主要用途：治疗
  • 分配：随机化
  • 介入模型：并行分配
  • 屏蔽：单身的

武器和干预

参与者组/臂
干预/治疗
有源比较器：Natural Recovery Group
Participants in Group A will undergo standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude for 4 weeks. After each training session, participants will receive standard training recovery procedures without any water immersion intervention. Recovery includes passive rest, self-directed light stretching, and ad libitum hydration in a thermoneutral environment (room temperature 24°C) for 20 minutes. No thermal or hydrotherapy intervention will be provided.
行为的：Natural recovery
Standard post-exercise recovery without water immersion. Participants rest passively in a thermoneutral environment (24°C, 50-60% humidity) for 20 minutes with ad libitum water and optional self-directed stretching. No heat, cold, or hydrotherapy interventions are applied.
其他名称：
  • 天然橡胶
有源比较器：Hot water immersion group
Subjects in Group B will undergo the same standardized rowing training at an altitude of approximately 1600 meters for 4 weeks. After each training session, subjects will receive whole-body immersion (below the neck, with the head above water) in daily tap water at 38°C ± 0.5°C for 20 minutes. The water temperature is monitored by a precision thermometer with an error of ≤ ±0.5°C. The immersion is conducted in a standardized indoor facility, and the time is 16:00 on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
行为的：Hot water immersion
After exercise, full-body immersion in daily tap water. Temperature: 38°C ± 0.5°C. Duration: 20 minutes per session, 3 times per week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday at 16:00), for 4 consecutive weeks (total of 12 sessions). Protocol: Full-body immersion below the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
其他名称：
  • HWI
实验性的：Hot Spring Immersion Group
Participants in Group C will undergo the same standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude for 4 weeks. After each training session, participants will receive full-body immersion (below neck, head above water) in natural hot spring water at 38°C ± 0.5°C for 20 minutes. The spring water has a pH of approximately 7.4, Na+ content of 1210 mg/L, and HCO3- content of approximately 3300 mg/L. Immersion will be performed in a standardized indoor facility on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 16:00, using the same protocol as Group B to maintain blinding.
行为的：Hot spring balneotherapy
After exercise, full-body immersion in natural hot spring water (pH approx. 7.4, Na+ 1210 mg/L, HCO3- approx. 3300 mg/L, total dissolved solids >1000 mg/L). Temperature: 38°C ± 0.5°C. Duration: 20 minutes per session, 3 times per week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday at 16:00), for 4 consecutive weeks (12 sessions total). Protocol: Full-body immersion below the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
其他名称：
  • HSB

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Voluntary Activation
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 (post-intervention), Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Voluntary activation assessed by the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris using percutaneous electrical stimulation. A single stimulus is superimposed on MVC; VA is calculated as: VA = (1 - superimposed twitch force / potentiated resting doublet force) × 100%. Higher VA indicates greater central neural drive. Unit: percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 (post-intervention), Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Central Activation Ratio
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Central activation ratio measured as the ratio of maximal voluntary contraction force to the force evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve during quadriceps contraction. CAR = MVC force / (MVC force + superimposed twitch force). Values closer to 1.0 indicate less central fatigue. Unit: ratio (0-1, no units).
Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Stroop Test Performance
大体时间：Baseline, Week 2,Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Computerized Stroop Color-Word Test measuring executive function and cognitive inhibition. Outcome variables: reaction time (ms) for congruent and incongruent trials, with interference effect calculated as incongruent minus congruent reaction time. Administered in a quiet, temperature-controlled room (22-24°C). Unit: milliseconds (ms).
Baseline, Week 2,Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Cerebral Oxygenation
大体时间：Baseline, Week 2, fellow up
Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the prefrontal cortex during rest and cognitive tasks, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a multichannel system. Outcome: relative concentration changes (ΔμM) in HbO2 and Hb from baseline. Unit: micromolar (μM).
Baseline, Week 2, fellow up
Psychomotor Vigilance Test
大体时间：Baseline, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
5-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test measuring sustained attention and psychomotor vigilance. Outcome variables: mean response time, and number of lapses (reaction time >500 ms). Administered via standardized software on a tablet/computer in a quiet environment. Unit: milliseconds (ms).
Baseline, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
大体时间：Baseline (Week 0), Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Maximal oxygen uptake measured during a graded exercise test on a rowing ergometer using a portable metabolic cart. Protocol: incremental ramp test (starting at 100W, increasing 20W every 2 minutes) until volitional exhaustion. Unit: mL/kg/min.
Baseline (Week 0), Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
大体时间：Baseline, Week 2, Follow up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Total white blood cell count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9 cells per liter (10^9/L).
Baseline, Week 2, Follow up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Neutrophil Count (NEUT)
大体时间：Baseline, Week 2, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Absolute neutrophil count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9/L. Baseline, Week 4 11 Platelet Count (PLT) Platelet count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9/L.
Baseline, Week 2, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Macao Polytechnic University

出版物和有用的链接

负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。

一般刊物

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (估计的)

2026年5月25日

初级完成 (估计的)

2026年6月25日

研究完成 (估计的)

2026年6月25日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年5月19日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年5月22日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年5月29日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年5月29日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年5月22日

最后验证

2026年5月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他相关的 MeSH 术语

其他研究编号

  • 202502AS100005-2

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

未定

IPD 计划说明

The project is still ongoing, and there are no current plans to contribute the data. Whether to share it will be considered after the data is officially published.

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

此信息直接从 clinicaltrials.gov 网站检索，没有任何更改。如果您有任何更改、删除或更新研究详细信息的请求，请联系 register@clinicaltrials.gov. clinicaltrials.gov 上实施更改，我们的网站上也会自动更新.

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