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Effect of Hot Spring Therapy on Central Fatigue Elimination During Altitude Training (HSCF-AHT)

22. Mai 2026 aktualisiert von: Ziyue Ou, Macao Polytechnic University

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Hot Spring Therapy Balneotherapy on Central Activation, Cognitive Function, and Exercise Performance in Adolescent Rowers During Altitude Training

This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of hot spring balneotherapy on central fatigue elimination in adolescent rowers undergoing altitude training at approximately 1600 meters (Tengchong, Yunnan). Thirty adolescent athletes (aged 12-16 years) will be stratified by sex and randomly allocated to three groups: Group A (natural recovery, no immersion), Group B (38°C pure water immersion), and Group C (38°C sodium bicarbonate hot spring immersion). Interventions will be administered 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are central fatigue indices including voluntary activation (VA) and central activation ratio (CAR). Secondary outcomes encompass cognitive function (Stroop test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test), cerebral hemodynamics (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound), exercise performance (maximal oxygen uptake, 1000m test, 500m test), blood lactate, and hematological parameters (white blood cells, neutrophils, platelets).

Studienübersicht

Status

Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Altitude training induces central fatigue characterized by decreased descending neural drive from the brain to skeletal muscle, reduced voluntary activation, and impaired cognitive function. This study employs a stratified randomized block design to evaluate whether post-exercise hot spring immersion can accelerate central fatigue recovery compared to pure warm water immersion and natural recovery. All participants will undergo standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude. Group C will receive immersion in natural hot spring water at 38°C for 20 minutes. Group B will receive immersion in pure water at the same temperature and duration as a thermal control. Group A will undergo standard training recovery without immersion. The study incorporates partial blinding: Groups B and C are single-blinded to participants (identical appearance and protocol); Group A serves as an open-label control. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-altitude), mid-intervention (Week 2), end-intervention (Week 4), and follow-up (1-2 weeks post-altitude).

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

27

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Kind

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or female aged 12-16 years- Healthy with no serious chronic diseases or skin conditions
  • At least 1 year of systematic rowing training experience
  • Currently undergoing centralized altitude training at approximately 1600 meters- No history of systematic hot spring or spa immersion within the past month
  • No allergy history to sodium bicarbonate or hot spring minerals- Ability to provide written informed assent (participant) and written informed consent (parent/guardian)- No acute infection, fracture, or surgery within the past month
  • Not currently taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, or medications affecting autonomic or cognitive function

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, or neurological disorders- Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension
  • History of syncope, heat intolerance, or severe dizziness during hot water immersion- Open wounds, severe eczema, or other skin conditions contraindicating water immersion
  • Current use of beta-blockers, anticholinergics, stimulants, sedatives, or other medications affecting central nervous system function
  • Color blindness or uncorrected visual impairment affecting Stroop test performance- Pregnancy (for female participants)- Alcohol consumption or smoking
  • Shift work or trans-meridian travel within 2 weeks prior to baseline assessment
  • Any condition deemed by the investigator as unsafe for participation

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Aktiver Komparator: Natural Recovery Group
Participants in Group A will undergo standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude for 4 weeks. After each training session, participants will receive standard training recovery procedures without any water immersion intervention. Recovery includes passive rest, self-directed light stretching, and ad libitum hydration in a thermoneutral environment (room temperature 24°C) for 20 minutes. No thermal or hydrotherapy intervention will be provided.
Verhalten: Natural recovery
Standard post-exercise recovery without water immersion. Participants rest passively in a thermoneutral environment (24°C, 50-60% humidity) for 20 minutes with ad libitum water and optional self-directed stretching. No heat, cold, or hydrotherapy interventions are applied.
Andere Namen:
  • NR
Aktiver Komparator: Hot water immersion group
Subjects in Group B will undergo the same standardized rowing training at an altitude of approximately 1600 meters for 4 weeks. After each training session, subjects will receive whole-body immersion (below the neck, with the head above water) in daily tap water at 38°C ± 0.5°C for 20 minutes. The water temperature is monitored by a precision thermometer with an error of ≤ ±0.5°C. The immersion is conducted in a standardized indoor facility, and the time is 16:00 on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.
Verhalten: Hot water immersion
After exercise, full-body immersion in daily tap water. Temperature: 38°C ± 0.5°C. Duration: 20 minutes per session, 3 times per week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday at 16:00), for 4 consecutive weeks (total of 12 sessions). Protocol: Full-body immersion below the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
Andere Namen:
  • HWI
Experimental: Hot Spring Immersion Group
Participants in Group C will undergo the same standardized rowing training at approximately 1600 meters altitude for 4 weeks. After each training session, participants will receive full-body immersion (below neck, head above water) in natural hot spring water at 38°C ± 0.5°C for 20 minutes. The spring water has a pH of approximately 7.4, Na+ content of 1210 mg/L, and HCO3- content of approximately 3300 mg/L. Immersion will be performed in a standardized indoor facility on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday at 16:00, using the same protocol as Group B to maintain blinding.
Verhalten: Hot spring balneotherapy
After exercise, full-body immersion in natural hot spring water (pH approx. 7.4, Na+ 1210 mg/L, HCO3- approx. 3300 mg/L, total dissolved solids >1000 mg/L). Temperature: 38°C ± 0.5°C. Duration: 20 minutes per session, 3 times per week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday at 16:00), for 4 consecutive weeks (12 sessions total). Protocol: Full-body immersion below the neck for 20 minutes, followed by a 10-minute rest before leaving the facility.
Andere Namen:
  • HSB

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Voluntary Activation
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 (post-intervention), Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Voluntary activation assessed by the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris using percutaneous electrical stimulation. A single stimulus is superimposed on MVC; VA is calculated as: VA = (1 - superimposed twitch force / potentiated resting doublet force) × 100%. Higher VA indicates greater central neural drive. Unit: percentage (%).
Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 (post-intervention), Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Central Activation Ratio
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Central activation ratio measured as the ratio of maximal voluntary contraction force to the force evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve during quadriceps contraction. CAR = MVC force / (MVC force + superimposed twitch force). Values closer to 1.0 indicate less central fatigue. Unit: ratio (0-1, no units).
Baseline (Week 0), Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Stroop Test Performance
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 2,Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Computerized Stroop Color-Word Test measuring executive function and cognitive inhibition. Outcome variables: reaction time (ms) for congruent and incongruent trials, with interference effect calculated as incongruent minus congruent reaction time. Administered in a quiet, temperature-controlled room (22-24°C). Unit: milliseconds (ms).
Baseline, Week 2,Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Cerebral Oxygenation
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 2, fellow up
Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the prefrontal cortex during rest and cognitive tasks, measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with a multichannel system. Outcome: relative concentration changes (ΔμM) in HbO2 and Hb from baseline. Unit: micromolar (μM).
Baseline, Week 2, fellow up
Psychomotor Vigilance Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
5-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test measuring sustained attention and psychomotor vigilance. Outcome variables: mean response time, and number of lapses (reaction time >500 ms). Administered via standardized software on a tablet/computer in a quiet environment. Unit: milliseconds (ms).
Baseline, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Follow-up (Week 1-2 post-altitude)
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max)
Zeitfenster: Baseline (Week 0), Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Maximal oxygen uptake measured during a graded exercise test on a rowing ergometer using a portable metabolic cart. Protocol: incremental ramp test (starting at 100W, increasing 20W every 2 minutes) until volitional exhaustion. Unit: mL/kg/min.
Baseline (Week 0), Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 2, Follow up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Total white blood cell count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9 cells per liter (10^9/L).
Baseline, Week 2, Follow up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Neutrophil Count (NEUT)
Zeitfenster: Baseline, Week 2, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)
Absolute neutrophil count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9/L. Baseline, Week 4 11 Platelet Count (PLT) Platelet count measured from fasting venous blood sample using automated hematology analyzer. Unit: 10^9/L.
Baseline, Week 2, Follow-up (Week 5-6 post-altitude)

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Macao Polytechnic University

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

25. Mai 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

25. Juni 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

25. Juni 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

19. Mai 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

22. Mai 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

29. Mai 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

29. Mai 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

22. Mai 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Mai 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • 202502AS100005-2

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

UNENTSCHIEDEN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

The project is still ongoing, and there are no current plans to contribute the data. Whether to share it will be considered after the data is officially published.

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

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