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Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Functional Performance in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players (FPPA-DBA)

2026年7月14日 更新者：SEFA HAKTAN HATIK、Sinop University

Investigation of the Relationship Between Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Dynamic Balance, Agility, and Ankle Dorsiflexion Mobility in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players

This observational study aims to examine the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle, dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Frontal plane knee projection angle will be assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Dynamic balance will be evaluated with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test.

All measurements will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions, and no intervention or experimental treatment will be applied. By investigating how frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures, this study may help improve the understanding of biomechanical factors related to movement quality and injury risk in adolescent female volleyball players.

研究概览

地位

完全的

条件

详细说明

This observational, cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle (FPPA), dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Volleyball is a sport that requires repeated jumping, landing, lateral movements, and rapid changes of direction, which place considerable biomechanical demands on the lower extremities. In adolescent female athletes, lower-limb movement patterns may be influenced by growth, maturation, and neuromuscular control, making this population important for biomechanical assessment.

The primary study variable will be frontal plane knee projection angle, assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Secondary measures will include dynamic balance assessed with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility assessed with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility assessed with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test. All assessments will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions. No intervention, treatment, or experimental exercise program will be applied.

The study is designed to explore whether frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures in adolescent female volleyball players. A better understanding of these relationships may contribute to the identification of biomechanical characteristics related to lower-extremity movement quality and potential injury risk in this population.

研究类型

观察性的

注册 (实际的)

70

联系人和位置

本节提供了进行研究的人员的详细联系信息，以及有关进行该研究的地点的信息。

学习地点

参与标准

研究人员寻找符合特定描述的人，称为资格标准。这些标准的一些例子是一个人的一般健康状况或先前的治疗。

资格标准

适合学习的年龄

  • 孩子
  • 成人

接受健康志愿者

是的

取样方法

非概率样本

研究人群

The study population consisted of adolescent female volleyball players aged 10 to 19 years who were regularly training at least 3 days per week at AB Volleyball Academy in Izmir, Türkiye. Only participants who had reached menarche and met all eligibility criteria were included.

描述

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being female and between 10 and 19 years of age
  • Participating in regular volleyball training at least 3 days per week
  • Having reached menarche

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having sustained a lower extremity injury within the previous 6 months
  • Having a history of lower extremity surgery
  • Using medication that could affect balance, attention, or physical performance
  • Having a neurological, orthopedic, or systemic condition that could affect performance

学习计划

本节提供研究计划的详细信息，包括研究的设计方式和研究的衡量标准。

研究是如何设计的？

设计细节

队列和干预

团体/队列
Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
Adolescent female volleyball players who were regularly training at AB Volleyball Academy and participated in this observational study. All participants completed biomechanical and functional assessments in a single session, including frontal plane knee projection angle during a single-leg squat, dynamic balance, agility, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility measurements. No intervention or experimental treatment was applied.

研究衡量的是什么？

主要结果指标

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Frontal Plane Projection Angle
大体时间：At a single assesment sessiomn
Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was assessed using SparkMotion software. FPPA was calculated from the angle between a line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the midpoint of the patella and a line from the patellar midpoint to the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleoli; this value was subtracted from 360° to obtain FPPA. Values ≥195° were descriptively classified as increased FPPA. Frontal-plane video was recorded using an iPad mounted on a tripod positioned 3 m from the participant and 1 m above the ground. Participants performed a single-leg squat with arms crossed over the chest at a metronome-paced tempo (2 s descent, 2 s ascent). FPPA was measured at the deepest squat position reached while maintaining balance. After 3 practice trials, 5 consecutive recorded squats were performed, and the third trial was used for analysis.
At a single assesment sessiomn

次要结果测量

结果测量
措施说明
大体时间
Y - Balance Test
大体时间：At a single assesment session
Dynamic balance was assessed using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). This standardized test evaluates reach distance in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while maintaining single-leg stance. Reach distances were recorded to the nearest 0.5 cm using the Y Balance Test kit. Before testing, leg length was measured from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the distal tip of the medial malleolus, and results were normalized to leg length. Participants completed 6 practice trials before testing, followed by 3 valid trials in each direction. Invalid trials were repeated, and the mean of the 3 valid trials for each direction was used for analysis. The composite score was calculated by dividing the sum of the 3 reach distances by 3 times leg length and multiplying by 100.
At a single assesment session
T - Test
大体时间：At a single assesment session
Agility was assessed using the T-Test. The test course was set up in a T shape with 4 cones: cone A was positioned 9.14 m from the center cone B, and cones C and D were placed 4.57 m to the left and right of cone B. Participants started at cone A, sprinted to cone B, shuffled laterally to touch cone C, then shuffled to touch cone D, returned to cone B, and backpedaled to cone A to complete the test. Time was recorded using a photocell timing system. After 2 familiarization trials, participants performed 3 valid trials with 3 minutes of rest between trials, and the best time was used for analysis.
At a single assesment session
Weight - Bearing Lunge Test
大体时间：At a single assesment session
nkle dorsiflexion mobility was assessed using the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT). Participants were positioned facing a wall in a tandem stance, with the tested foot aligned perpendicular to the wall and the non-tested rear heel lifted. They were instructed to place their hands on the wall and move the front knee toward it while keeping the tested heel in contact with the ground. The foot was moved away from the wall in 1 cm increments until the maximum distance at which the knee could still touch the wall without heel lift was identified. The farthest valid distance between the great toe and the wall was measured in centimeters. Three valid trials were recorded for each lower extremity, and the mean value was used for analysis. Trials with heel lift, marked lower-extremity compensations, or loss of proper test position were repeated.
At a single assesment session

合作者和调查者

在这里您可以找到参与这项研究的人员和组织。

赞助

Sinop University

出版物和有用的链接

负责输入研究信息的人员自愿提供这些出版物。这些可能与研究有关。

一般刊物

研究记录日期

这些日期跟踪向 ClinicalTrials.gov 提交研究记录和摘要结果的进度。研究记录和报告的结果由国家医学图书馆 (NLM) 审查，以确保它们在发布到公共网站之前符合特定的质量控制标准。

研究主要日期

学习开始 (实际的)

2026年3月1日

初级完成 (实际的)

2026年3月3日

研究完成 (实际的)

2026年7月1日

研究注册日期

首次提交

2026年7月14日

首先提交符合 QC 标准的

2026年7月14日

首次发布 (实际的)

2026年7月17日

研究记录更新

最后更新发布 (实际的)

2026年7月17日

上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新

2026年7月14日

最后验证

2026年7月1日

更多信息

与本研究相关的术语

关键字

其他研究编号

  • FPPATTADF1

计划个人参与者数据 (IPD)

计划共享个人参与者数据 (IPD)？

不

药物和器械信息、研究文件

研究美国 FDA 监管的药品

不

研究美国 FDA 监管的设备产品

不

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