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Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Functional Performance in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players (FPPA-DBA)

14 juli 2026 uppdaterad av: SEFA HAKTAN HATIK, Sinop University

Investigation of the Relationship Between Frontal Plane Knee Projection Angle and Dynamic Balance, Agility, and Ankle Dorsiflexion Mobility in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players

This observational study aims to examine the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle, dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Frontal plane knee projection angle will be assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Dynamic balance will be evaluated with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test.

All measurements will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions, and no intervention or experimental treatment will be applied. By investigating how frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures, this study may help improve the understanding of biomechanical factors related to movement quality and injury risk in adolescent female volleyball players.

Studieöversikt

Status

Avslutad

Betingelser

Detaljerad beskrivning

This observational, cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between frontal plane knee projection angle (FPPA), dynamic balance, agility performance, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility in adolescent female volleyball players. Volleyball is a sport that requires repeated jumping, landing, lateral movements, and rapid changes of direction, which place considerable biomechanical demands on the lower extremities. In adolescent female athletes, lower-limb movement patterns may be influenced by growth, maturation, and neuromuscular control, making this population important for biomechanical assessment.

The primary study variable will be frontal plane knee projection angle, assessed during a single-leg squat using two-dimensional video analysis. Secondary measures will include dynamic balance assessed with the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, agility assessed with the T-Test, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility assessed with the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test. All assessments will be completed in a single session under standardized field conditions. No intervention, treatment, or experimental exercise program will be applied.

The study is designed to explore whether frontal plane knee alignment is associated with functional performance measures in adolescent female volleyball players. A better understanding of these relationships may contribute to the identification of biomechanical characteristics related to lower-extremity movement quality and potential injury risk in this population.

Studietyp

Observationell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

70

Kontakter och platser

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Studieorter

  • Turkiet (Türkiye)
    • Ödemiş
      • Izmir, Ödemiş, Turkiet (Türkiye), 35750
        • AB Volleyball Academy

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn
  • Vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Ja

Testmetod

Icke-sannolikhetsprov

Studera befolkning

The study population consisted of adolescent female volleyball players aged 10 to 19 years who were regularly training at least 3 days per week at AB Volleyball Academy in Izmir, Türkiye. Only participants who had reached menarche and met all eligibility criteria were included.

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being female and between 10 and 19 years of age
  • Participating in regular volleyball training at least 3 days per week
  • Having reached menarche

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having sustained a lower extremity injury within the previous 6 months
  • Having a history of lower extremity surgery
  • Using medication that could affect balance, attention, or physical performance
  • Having a neurological, orthopedic, or systemic condition that could affect performance

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

Kohorter och interventioner

Grupp / Kohort
Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
Adolescent female volleyball players who were regularly training at AB Volleyball Academy and participated in this observational study. All participants completed biomechanical and functional assessments in a single session, including frontal plane knee projection angle during a single-leg squat, dynamic balance, agility, and ankle dorsiflexion mobility measurements. No intervention or experimental treatment was applied.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Frontal Plane Projection Angle
Tidsram: At a single assesment sessiomn
Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) was assessed using SparkMotion software. FPPA was calculated from the angle between a line from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the midpoint of the patella and a line from the patellar midpoint to the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleoli; this value was subtracted from 360° to obtain FPPA. Values ≥195° were descriptively classified as increased FPPA. Frontal-plane video was recorded using an iPad mounted on a tripod positioned 3 m from the participant and 1 m above the ground. Participants performed a single-leg squat with arms crossed over the chest at a metronome-paced tempo (2 s descent, 2 s ascent). FPPA was measured at the deepest squat position reached while maintaining balance. After 3 practice trials, 5 consecutive recorded squats were performed, and the third trial was used for analysis.
At a single assesment sessiomn

Sekundära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Y - Balance Test
Tidsram: At a single assesment session
Dynamic balance was assessed using the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ). This standardized test evaluates reach distance in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while maintaining single-leg stance. Reach distances were recorded to the nearest 0.5 cm using the Y Balance Test kit. Before testing, leg length was measured from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the distal tip of the medial malleolus, and results were normalized to leg length. Participants completed 6 practice trials before testing, followed by 3 valid trials in each direction. Invalid trials were repeated, and the mean of the 3 valid trials for each direction was used for analysis. The composite score was calculated by dividing the sum of the 3 reach distances by 3 times leg length and multiplying by 100.
At a single assesment session
T - Test
Tidsram: At a single assesment session
Agility was assessed using the T-Test. The test course was set up in a T shape with 4 cones: cone A was positioned 9.14 m from the center cone B, and cones C and D were placed 4.57 m to the left and right of cone B. Participants started at cone A, sprinted to cone B, shuffled laterally to touch cone C, then shuffled to touch cone D, returned to cone B, and backpedaled to cone A to complete the test. Time was recorded using a photocell timing system. After 2 familiarization trials, participants performed 3 valid trials with 3 minutes of rest between trials, and the best time was used for analysis.
At a single assesment session
Weight - Bearing Lunge Test
Tidsram: At a single assesment session
nkle dorsiflexion mobility was assessed using the Weight-Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT). Participants were positioned facing a wall in a tandem stance, with the tested foot aligned perpendicular to the wall and the non-tested rear heel lifted. They were instructed to place their hands on the wall and move the front knee toward it while keeping the tested heel in contact with the ground. The foot was moved away from the wall in 1 cm increments until the maximum distance at which the knee could still touch the wall without heel lift was identified. The farthest valid distance between the great toe and the wall was measured in centimeters. Three valid trials were recorded for each lower extremity, and the mean value was used for analysis. Trials with heel lift, marked lower-extremity compensations, or loss of proper test position were repeated.
At a single assesment session

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Sponsor

Sinop University

Publikationer och användbara länkar

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Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

1 mars 2026

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

3 mars 2026

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

1 juli 2026

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

14 juli 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

14 juli 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

17 juli 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

17 juli 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

14 juli 2026

Senast verifierad

1 juli 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Nyckelord

Andra studie-ID-nummer

  • FPPATTADF1

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

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NEJ

Läkemedels- och apparatinformation, studiedokument

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad läkemedelsprodukt

Nej

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Nej

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