Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescent Dancers
Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescent Dancers: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Adolescent dancers are at high risk of musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive, high-intensity training. Persistent pain may lead to kinesiophobia (fear of movement), which can further impair physical function according to the fear-avoidance model. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a top-down intervention for musculoskeletal pain; however, it remains unclear whether its analgesic effect results from true neural stimulation or from contextual factors such as treatment expectation.
This three-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial will enroll 24 adolescent dancers aged 13 to 18 years with musculoskeletal pain lasting at least 3 months. Participants will be randomly allocated, stratified by pain site, to (1) active tDCS plus manual therapy, (2) sham tDCS plus manual therapy, or (3) sham tDCS plus manual therapy plus structured expectation-enhancement education. Each participant will receive a single intervention session. Outcomes will be assessed before, immediately after, and 1 week after the intervention. The study aims to distinguish the neurophysiological effect of tDCS from the effect of treatment expectation on pain, kinesiophobia, and related outcomes.
研究概览
地位
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名：Hyunjoong Kim, PhD
- 电话号码：+82-62-958-7598
- 邮箱：hjkim@ghu.ac.kr
学习地点
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Gwangju、韩国
- Jin's Ballet Academy, Pulse Dance Academy
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
有资格学习的性别
描述
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adolescent dancers or dance majors aged 13 to 18 years
- Musculoskeletal pain in a specific body region (e.g., lower back, ankle) for at least 3 months
- Understanding of the study purpose and voluntary assent from the participant, with written informed consent from a legal guardian
Exclusion Criteria:
- Metal implants in the head or implanted electronic devices (e.g., cardiac pacemaker)
- Current pregnancy
- Current use of psychiatric medication
- Acute inflammatory disease
- Bleeding disorder or current use of anticoagulants
- Recent trauma, surgery, or skin disease at the painful (measurement) site
- History of epilepsy
- Any other physical condition that makes participation in the study or intervention inappropriate
学习计划
研究是如何设计的？
设计细节
- 主要用途：治疗
- 分配：随机化
- 介入模型：并行分配
- 屏蔽：单身的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
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实验性的：Active tDCS + Manual Therapy (ANT)
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Anodal tDCS delivered at 2 mA for 20 minutes using saline-soaked sponge electrodes, with the anode over the primary motor cortex (C3/C4) and the cathode over the contralateral frontal area according to the international 10-20 system. Current is ramped up and down gradually. Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4). |
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假比较器：Sham tDCS + Manual Therapy (SCT)
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Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4). Identical electrode placement and procedure as active tDCS for 20 minutes, with current delivered only for the first 30 seconds and then turned off. |
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实验性的：Sham tDCS + Manual Therapy + Expectation-Enhancement Education (ECT)
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Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4). Identical electrode placement and procedure as active tDCS for 20 minutes, with current delivered only for the first 30 seconds and then turned off. A 5- to 10-minute structured education session delivered by the investigator using a standardized script that explains the principles and expected effects of the treatment. |
研究衡量的是什么？
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS)
大体时间：Baseline (before intervention), immediately after intervention, and 1 week after intervention
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Pain intensity rated on a 0 to 10 scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable). Higher scores indicate greater pain. |
Baseline (before intervention), immediately after intervention, and 1 week after intervention
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员：Hyunjoong Kim, PhD、Gwangju Health University
研究记录日期
研究主要日期
学习开始 (估计的)
初级完成 (估计的)
研究完成 (估计的)
研究注册日期
首次提交
首先提交符合 QC 标准的
首次发布 (实际的)
研究记录更新
最后更新发布 (实际的)
上次提交的符合 QC 标准的更新
最后验证
更多信息
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