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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescent Dancers

31. oktober 2026 opdateret af: Gwangju Health University

Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescent Dancers: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Adolescent dancers are at high risk of musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive, high-intensity training. Persistent pain may lead to kinesiophobia (fear of movement), which can further impair physical function according to the fear-avoidance model. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a top-down intervention for musculoskeletal pain; however, it remains unclear whether its analgesic effect results from true neural stimulation or from contextual factors such as treatment expectation.

This three-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial will enroll 24 adolescent dancers aged 13 to 18 years with musculoskeletal pain lasting at least 3 months. Participants will be randomly allocated, stratified by pain site, to (1) active tDCS plus manual therapy, (2) sham tDCS plus manual therapy, or (3) sham tDCS plus manual therapy plus structured expectation-enhancement education. Each participant will receive a single intervention session. Outcomes will be assessed before, immediately after, and 1 week after the intervention. The study aims to distinguish the neurophysiological effect of tDCS from the effect of treatment expectation on pain, kinesiophobia, and related outcomes.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

24

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

  • Navn: Hyunjoong Kim, PhD
  • Telefonnummer: +82-62-958-7598
  • E-mail: hjkim@ghu.ac.kr

Studiesteder

  • Sydkorea
      • Gwangju, Sydkorea
        • Jin's Ballet Academy, Pulse Dance Academy

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

13 år til 18 år (Barn, Voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adolescent dancers or dance majors aged 13 to 18 years
  • Musculoskeletal pain in a specific body region (e.g., lower back, ankle) for at least 3 months
  • Understanding of the study purpose and voluntary assent from the participant, with written informed consent from a legal guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Metal implants in the head or implanted electronic devices (e.g., cardiac pacemaker)
  • Current pregnancy
  • Current use of psychiatric medication
  • Acute inflammatory disease
  • Bleeding disorder or current use of anticoagulants
  • Recent trauma, surgery, or skin disease at the painful (measurement) site
  • History of epilepsy
  • Any other physical condition that makes participation in the study or intervention inappropriate

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Enkelt

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Active tDCS + Manual Therapy (ANT)
Enhed: Active Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Anodal tDCS delivered at 2 mA for 20 minutes using saline-soaked sponge electrodes, with the anode over the primary motor cortex (C3/C4) and the cathode over the contralateral frontal area according to the international 10-20 system. Current is ramped up and down gradually.

Andet: Manual Therapy

Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4).
Sham-komparator: Sham tDCS + Manual Therapy (SCT)
Andet: Manual Therapy

Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4).

Enhed: Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Identical electrode placement and procedure as active tDCS for 20 minutes, with current delivered only for the first 30 seconds and then turned off.
Eksperimentel: Sham tDCS + Manual Therapy + Expectation-Enhancement Education (ECT)
Andet: Manual Therapy

Manual therapy including instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (Graston technique) applied to the painful region for 15 minutes, with the tool held at 30 to 60 degrees, within a tolerable pain range (VAS 3 to 4).

Enhed: Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Identical electrode placement and procedure as active tDCS for 20 minutes, with current delivered only for the first 30 seconds and then turned off.

Adfærdsmæssigt: Expectation-Enhancement Education

A 5- to 10-minute structured education session delivered by the investigator using a standardized script that explains the principles and expected effects of the treatment.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Pain Intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale, NPRS)
Tidsramme: Baseline (before intervention), immediately after intervention, and 1 week after intervention

Pain intensity rated on a 0 to 10 scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain imaginable). Higher scores indicate greater pain.
Baseline (before intervention), immediately after intervention, and 1 week after intervention

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Gwangju Health University

Samarbejdspartnere

Chonnam National University

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Hyunjoong Kim, PhD, Gwangju Health University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

9. november 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

9. december 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

15. december 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

31. oktober 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

31. oktober 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

4. november 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

4. november 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

31. oktober 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. oktober 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 1040198-260618-HR-137-04

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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