Acceptability and Effectiveness of Household Water Treatment in Reducing Diarrhea Among Under Five Children

January 23, 2012 updated by: Bezatu Mengiste, Haramaya Unversity

Acceptability and Effectiveness of Household Water Chlorination in Reducing the Prevalence of Diarrhea Among Under Five Children in Eastern Ethiopia

The Millenium development goals (MDGs) call for reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. This goal was adopted in large part because safe drinking water has been seen as critical to fighting diarrheal disease. Source protection is considered the main intervention area to achieve this goal. However, research worldwide that has shown that even drinking water which is safe at the source is subject to frequent and extensive fecal contamination during collection, storage and use in the home. This contamination is through the introduction of cups, dippers or hands, contamination by flies, cockroaches, and rats. Even piped water supplies of adequate microbial quality can pose infectious disease risks if they become contaminated due to unsanitary collection, storage conditions and practices within households.

To reduce this problem, point-of-use water treatment has been advocated as a means to substantially decrease the global burden of diarrhea and to contribute to the MDGs. However, research indicates that there are many unanswered questions around Household water treatment (HWT) that require small or medium scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials, especially with regard to effectiveness, acceptability and identifying suitable target populations. Some of the most urgent questions to be resolved are:(1) How much of the currently cited disease reduction of HWT is due to bias? (2) What is the effect of HWT on nutritional status (weight gain and growth)?(3) At which populations should HWT be targeted? (4) Is it acceptable and sustainable in poor communities where the risk of diarrheal disease is high.

hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine reduce diarrhea among underfive children? hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine acceptable in the community?

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

845

Phase

  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Ethiopia
    • Eastern Hararage
      • Kersa, Eastern Hararage, Ethiopia, 235
        • Kersa district

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

1 month to 4 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • All children under five years of age in the randomly selected clusters of Kersa district

Exclusion Criteria:

  • seriously sick children in the randomly selected clusters of Kersa district

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Household water treatment
household water treatment with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite
Other: household water treatment
household water treatment with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite
Other Names:
  • 1.25% sodium hypochlorite
No Intervention: control
Usual practice (the use of "Jerrican" for water storage, which is considered as safe storage)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To assess the prevalence of diarrhea among under five children
Time Frame: four months
weekly visit of the household for the presence of diarrhoea among underfive for four months in both the intervention and control groups
four months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
To assess the weight gain among the intervention and control groups of under five children
Time Frame: At the beginning and end of the study ( 4 months interval)
This is designed to assess whether there is weight gain (objective outcome) in children assigned to the intervention group compared to the control group. It is supplement to the prevalence of diarrhea which is subjective outcome for this study
At the beginning and end of the study ( 4 months interval)
Residual chlorine test
Time Frame: four months
The use of the intervention (1.25% hypochlorite) is confirmed by the testing the residual chlorine weekly for for months from each household assigned in the intrevention group
four months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Haramaya Unversity

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Bezatu M Alemu, M.Sc, Assistant Professor

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

June 1, 2011

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 1, 2011

Study Completion (Actual)

October 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 16, 2011

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 16, 2011

First Posted (Estimate)

June 20, 2011

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

January 24, 2012

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 23, 2012

Last Verified

January 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • SGS13/15/11

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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