Ipilimumab Induction in Patients With Melanoma Brain Metastases Receiving Stereotactic Radiosurgery

This is a study to test the efficacy of using standard immune therapy for melanoma prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (ipilimumab induction), as compared to stereotactic radiosurgery followed by immune therapy. The study's hypothesis is that ipilimumab induction is as good as or better than controlling brain metastases as compared to stereotactic radiosurgery followed by immune therapy.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Metastatic Melanoma; Brain Metastases
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Ipilimumab; Procedure: Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Detailed Description

This is a randomized Phase II selection study investigating the use of ipilimumab induction prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), versus no induction, for melanoma brain metastases. Participants will be randomized to Arm A "Induction" (two doses of ipilimumab prior to SRS, two doses of ipilimumab after SRS) versus Arm B "No induction" (SRS first, followed by 4 doses of ipilimumab). Participants will undergo multiple dynamic contrast-enhanced MRIs of the brain and submit blood samples for immune testing.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 4
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • University of Michigan Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with a histologically-confirmed diagnosis of melanoma who have imaging findings suggestive of 1 to 4 brain metastases
• At least one lesion in the brain that is measurable, which is defined as ≥5 x 5mm (Prior craniotomy and surgical resection is allowed, as long as there is at least one remaining measurable lesion in the brain)
• Patients must be candidates for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and planning to undergo SRS
• Patients must be candidates for ipilimumab as determined by the treating physician
• Patients must be neurologically asymptomatic, or very minimally symptomatic, as judged by the treating physicians
• At least 3 weeks has elapsed from any prior therapy, and the patient has recovered from side effects to ≤ grade 1 toxicities per Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) for Adverse Events
• Age > or = 18 years old
• Performance status of ECOG of 0 or 1 (ECOG is the Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group Scoring system used to quantify cancer patients' general well-being and activities of daily life; scores range from 0 to 5 where 0 is perfect health and 5 is death)
• Adequate organ and marrow function: alanine aminotransferase (ALT ) < 2.5x's upper limit of normal (ULN) of the institutional normal reference range, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) < 2.5x's ULN of the institutional normal reference range, Bilirubin < 1.5x's ULN of the institutional normal reference range, Creatinine < 2.0 milligrams per deciliter, Platelets > 50,000 per microliter
• Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception, defined as complete abstinence from intercourse with men or two methods
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous radiotherapy to the lesion(s) of interest, including prior treatment with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Prior treatment with SRS is allowed if the index lesion(s) is in a different, non-contiguous location than the previously treated lesion.
• Patients who have previously received ipilimumab, PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors are excluded due to the potential of effects on primary outcome
• Patients who require WBRT or surgery at the time of enrollment
• Neurologic symptoms or imaging findings that necessitate the use of steroids on the day of enrollment or in the prior 7 days
• Highly suspicious magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cerebrospinal fluid evidence of leptomeningeal metastases, unless all measurable disease is localized and SRS is considered the treatment of choice
• Concurrent treatment with any other anti-neoplastic drug or concurrent participation in another therapeutic clinical trial
• Patients unable to undergo or tolerate MRI scans (presence of cardiac pacemaker, implanted cardiac defibrillator, aneurysm clips, history of allergic reaction/hypersensitivity to gadolinium)
• Women who are pregnant or are nursing
• Patients with absolute lymphocyte count of <500 cells/microliter, who are known to be HIV positive, who have clinically significant active autoimmune disease, or are receiving immunosuppression following solid organ or stem cell transplant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: B: No induction; Participants will undergo stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) followed 2-3 weeks later by ipilimumab, which is given once every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses.	Drug: Ipilimumab; Ipilimumab 3mg/kg given intravenously over 90 minutes, every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses.; Procedure: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Stereotactic radiosurgery is a type of focused radiation therapy. It requires the placement of a metal frame on the head for several hours.
Experimental: A: Induction; Patients will receive 2 doses of ipilimumab, which is given once every 3 weeks, prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), followed by 2 more doses of ipilimumab, for a total of 4 doses.	Drug: Ipilimumab; Ipilimumab 3mg/kg given intravenously over 90 minutes, every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses.; Procedure: Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Stereotactic radiosurgery is a type of focused radiation therapy. It requires the placement of a metal frame on the head for several hours.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Local Control Rate	The number of patients in each arm who are free from progression in the index (radiated) lesions in the brain at 6 months. Immune related response criteria was used to assess response to treatment. Immune-related Progressive Disease (irPD) in this trial is defined as an increase in tumor burden ≥25% relative to nadir (minimum recorded tumor burden), with confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 weeks from the date first documented.	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Survival Rate	Number of participants alive at 5 years after enrollment.	Up to 5 years
Regional (Intracranial) Control Rate	The proportion of patients in each arm who are free from progression in the index (radiated) lesions and free from new brain metastases at 6 months.	6 months
Intracranial Response Rate	Response of treated (irradiated) brain metastases to combination therapy with ipilimumab and stereotactic radiosurgery using immune-related response criteria.	Up to 12 months
Time to Progression	Time to progression in the brain due to treated metastases or new brain metastases. Immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (irRECIST) was used to assess response. Progression was defined as an increase in tumor burden ≥25% relative to nadir (minimum recorded tumor burden), with confirmation by a repeat, consecutive assessment no less than 4 wk from the date first documented.	From date of enrollment to up to 2 years

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Imaging Correlates on Dynamic-contrast Enhanced MRI of the Brain	Exploratory endpoints: Interval changes in dynamic MRI parameters such as perfusion, blood volume, vascular permeability (Ktrans), and diffusion tensor imaging; the change in 3D tumor volume.	6 months
Immune Correlates	Exploratory endpoints: Interval changes in immune markers in the blood	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Christopher Lao, M.D., University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): March 27, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 12, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 20, 2021
• Last Verified: April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Metastatic melanoma; Radiation therapy; Immune therapy; Brain metastases
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neoplastic Processes; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Nervous System Neoplasms; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nevi and Melanomas; Neoplasm Metastasis; Brain Neoplasms; Melanoma; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Ipilimumab
• Other Study ID Numbers: UMCC 2013.114; HUM00082134 (Other Identifier: University of Michigan)