Analyze the Relationship Between the Density of Fat Tissue and Cellulite With the Lumbar Lordosis Degree

Analyze the Relationship Between the Density of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat and Cellulite With the Lumbar

The aim of this study is analyze the relationship between the density of visceral and subcutaneous fat and cellulite with the lumbar lordosis degree.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lordosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Transversal Study so there is no intervention

Detailed Description

There are two types of abdominal fat: subcutaneous adipose tissue which is more superficial, lying above the abdominal muscle wall and visceral adipose tissue, corresponding to the intra-abdominal fat witch is more harmful to health.

The accumulation of fat tissue differs between genders and age. Men have a huge propensity for developing central fat and women accumulate more subcutaneous fat tissue on the gluteal-femoral region. Some authors suggest that the accumulation of fat tissue increases with age.

Several studies have concluded that there is a relationship between the abdominal fat storage and the degree of lumbar curvature.

In addition, some authors also suggest that there is a relationship between the degree of lumbar lordosis and cellulite, which is related to circulatory changes.

However these relationships are not yet clarified in the literature.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 20

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Portugal
  • Porto
    • Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto, Portugal, 4400-303
      • Andreia Noites

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

All the comunity of the School of Allied Health Technologies

Description

Inclusion Criteria: All the community of the School of Allied Health Technologies; aged between 18-60

Exclusion Criteria: Pathologies (cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, respiratory, muscular); pregnancy; abdominoplasty; collum and gluteal surgeries; deregulated menstrual cycle ; anatomical changes; anticelulitic treatments

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Number of groups / cohorts

4

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Males; Evaluation of body mass index, determination of waist-to-hip ration and waist-to-height ration, using perimetry; evaluation of 7 skinfold according to the model 7-site-skinfold Equation, by Jackson and Pollock, and photogrammetry (to evaluate the lumbar lordosis degree) in males aged between 18 and 26.	Other: Transversal Study so there is no intervention
Young Adults; Evaluation of abdominal thickness, percentage of abdominal fat and photogrammetry (to evaluate the lumbar lordosis degree) in young adults females aged between 18-26.	Other: Transversal Study so there is no intervention
Adults; Evaluation of abdominal thickness, percentage of abdominal fat and photogrammetry (to evaluate the lumbar lordosis degree) in adult females aged between 40-60.	Other: Transversal Study so there is no intervention
Females; Evaluation of body mass index, determination of waist-to-hip ration and waist-to-height ration using perimetry, evaluation of 7 skinfold according to the model 7-site-skinfold Equation, by Jackson and Pollock, and photogrammetry (to evaluate the lumbar lordosis degree) in females aged between 18 and 26.	Other: Transversal Study so there is no intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of Lumbar Lordosis by analysing photos of the lateral right side of the participants	We used photogrammetry for this evaluation. We marked the anatomical points (T11, L1, S2 and Antero-superior Iliac Spine) with isopod balls. We took a picture of the right lateral view of the participant. Finally we used the SAPo software to measure free angles to determinate lumbar lordosis degree.	Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body Mass Index	The height was measured by a tape-measure. We used the bioimpedance balance to determinate the body mass of the participants. BMI was calculated by using the body weight divided by height squared.	Day 1
Perimeters measurements using a tape-measure at waist level and at trochanters level at the end of expiration	The perimeters measurements were done at the end of expiration, at waist level and at trochanters level. The waist-hip ratio was calculated by using the waist level perimeter divided by trochanters level perimeter and the waist-to-height ratio was calculated by using the waist level perimeter divided by height	Day 1
Skinfold measures	Subscapular, tricipital, chest, axillar, suprailiac, abdominal, thick skinfolds were performed three times in right hemibody, by caliper according to the model 7-site-skinfold Equation, by Jackson and Pollock. Siri equation was used to determinate the percentage of total body fat.	Day 1
Bioimpedance Balance	This instrument was used to determine the weight, the percentage of body and abdominal fat, the visceral index and the percentage of body and abdominal lean mass.	Day 1
Ecograph	It was used for distinguishing of abdominal thickness fat (differentiate the fat in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue) and in order to obtain the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue at the points of maximum and minimum temperature on the gluteal region.	Day 1
Thermography	Measurement of skin temperature in the gluteal region to obtain the average, the minimum and the maximum temperature on this area.	Day 1
Cellulite Grading Scale	6 Photos were taken in the posterior and lateral (right and left) views, 3 in relaxation and 3 in gluteal isometric contraction.	Day 1

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
International Physical Activity Questionnaire	International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to monitor lifestyle	Day 1
Food Frequency Questionnaire	Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to monitor lifestyle	Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andreia Noites, PhD, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB.
• Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Generalized equations for predicting body density of men. Br J Nutr. 1978 Nov;40(3):497-504. doi: 10.1079/bjn19780152.
• Siqueira, G. R., Alencar, G. G., Rocha, M. B. N., Silva, L. R., Moura, M. C. G. G., & Silva, G. A. P. (2015). Relação entre lordose lombar e depósito de gordura abdominal em adolescentes e adultos jovens. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento, 74-80.
• Power ML, Schulkin J. Sex differences in fat storage, fat metabolism, and the health risks from obesity: possible evolutionary origins. Br J Nutr. 2008 May;99(5):931-40. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507853347. Epub 2007 Nov 1.
• Lopes C, Aro A, Azevedo A, Ramos E, Barros H. Intake and adipose tissue composition of fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction in a male Portuguese community sample. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 Feb;107(2):276-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.11.008.
• Kuo YL, Tully EA, Galea MP. Video analysis of sagittal spinal posture in healthy young and older adults. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Mar-Apr;32(3):210-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.02.002.
• Bazzocchi A, Filonzi G, Ponti F, Sassi C, Salizzoni E, Battista G, Canini R. Accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of ultrasonography in the assessment of abdominal adiposity. Acad Radiol. 2011 Sep;18(9):1133-43. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.04.014. Epub 2011 Jul 2.
• Noites A, Nunes R, Gouveia AI, Mota A, Melo C, Viera A, Adubeiro N, Bastos JM. Effects of aerobic exercise associated with abdominal microcurrent: a preliminary study. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Apr;21(4):229-36. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0114.
• Nkengne A, Papillon A, Bertin C. Evaluation of the cellulite using a thermal infra-red camera. Skin Res Technol. 2013 Feb;19(1):e231-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00633.x. Epub 2012 Jun 29.
• Goldman, M., & Hexsel, D. (2006). Cellulite: Pathophysiology and Treatment (i. healthcare Ed. 2ª edição ed.).
• FLIR. (2013). Flir E-Series.
• COMED. (2013). Company Comed.
• Corporation, T. (2006). Tanita: Monitoring Your Heath. Tanita Manual: InnerScan Body Composition Monitor

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 12, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): September 16, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 7, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 6, 2018
• Last Verified: March 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Subcutaneous Fat; Cellulite; Central Fat; Lumbar Lordosis Degree
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nutrition Disorders; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Deficiency Diseases; Malnutrition; Spinal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Spinal Curvatures; Cellulite; Lordosis; Swayback
• Other Study ID Numbers: AN-005; AR (Other Identifier: Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto); MS (Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto); MÇ (Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided