Improving Walking Ability in Parkinson Disease (PASTA)

January 30, 2020 updated by: Augusto Fusco, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus

Parkinson App SmarTphone Aimed to Improve Walking Ability and Reduce Fall (P.A.S.T.A.)

Gait impairments of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) limit the independence in the daily activities and sensibly increase the risk of falls. New gait analysis methods, based on wearable inertial sensors, have been proposed to track the gait features during treatment and in real-life conditions. Gait training based on auditory cues as Rhythmical Auditory Stimulation (RAS) have preliminarily shown positive effects improving gait velocity, stride length, step cadence of walking in PD. In the current project, the research group will aim to develop a smartphone application (Parkinson App Smartphone Aimed: P.A.St.A.) integrated with sensors and RAS. In a second time, investigators will analyze the spatio-temporal gait parameters obtained by the wearable sensors and the sociodemographic and clinical data, thus generating a big data set, to improve the knowledge about current pharmacological therapies and rehabilitation.

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, mainly due to an altered motor control. Gait impairments are the primary symptoms in patients with PD, with a decreased step length and walking speed, abnormal gait phases distribution, inconstant pace, gait asymmetry and reduced joint coordination. The postural instability and the deterioration of the gait features sensibly increase the risk of falls in these patients, resulting in loss of independence and a worsening of long-term prognosis. It has been clearly demonstrated that motor impairments are connected to a dysfunction of basal ganglia, a brain structure that works as a "pacemaker" for the activation (and deactivation) of each sub-movement within a repetitive movement sequence. Disruption of internal rhythmic cues in PD may explain the poor smoothness of the movement execution and the difficulties in regulating stride length, resulting in a cadence increase. Levodopa therapy is the most effective treatment to improve the symptoms in PD, but a long-term administration reduces its efficiency over time and it is responsible for collateral effects (dyskinesia). Hence, researches have investigated alternative non-pharmacological approaches, based on auditory cues as the Rhythmical Auditory Stimulation (RAS). A large number of studies have reported positive effects both after a single session of treatment and after longer training programs, with improved gait velocity, cadence, and stride length as well as in the symmetry of muscle activation for upper and lower extremities. In such studies, RAS frequencies are pre-set as percentages of the patient's preferred walking frequency. Because the duration of all the therapies may change over time, it is necessary a continuous adjustment of the dosage and type of treatment, based both on patients' monitoring of the symptoms and on objective evaluations. Gait analysis (GA) methods have been proposed and validated for the study of physiologic gait and in several diseases. The traditional systems of GA are based on optoelectronic systems, but they are expensive, not portable and requiring skilled operators. The assessment is always performed in laboratories with experimental set-ups, likely different from real-life walking (noise environments, presence of objects and people or unlevelled pavement, different colors).

Consequently, traditional GA is not reliable for the daily control of the treatments or for the assessment of the real-life situations. Recently, researchers have developed wearable systems, based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). Even if a considerable number of studies have explored the validity of IMUs analysis, very few have been involved in PD motion analyses. During the last few years, a set of wearable devices embedding inertial sensors, are spread on the market as low-cost solutions for monitoring human motion activities. While, they still have to be fully validated in accuracy, these systems can provide the user information to track his/her own activity. This persuasive technology has a terrific potential to enhance physical activity and motivation of the patients, with the advantage of prolonged and continuous recording.

The use and the analyses of a large amount of objective data (big data set) is the new frontier for an efficient use of scientific time and resources, engaging the care coordination program, saving economic resources, and providing a higher quality of care. In addition, these systems, integrated with a web-based application, telemedicine and mobile smartphones, could help clinicians to address more properly the treatments through a real-time monitoring in an everyday life. Our research group has been involved in the clinical evaluation of different aspects of gait quality in many neurological conditions, PD included. Investigators have already shown as wearable accelerometers could be useful in the quantitative assessment of the dynamic gait stability, in correlation with clinical scores. Researchers have also found that accelerations could be altered in a pathology-specific manner (intellectual disabilities performing different tasks simultaneously). A similar condition can be observed also in PD, showing that only the intrinsic gait harmony significantly correlate with severity of gait impairments. In the recent years, a lot of wearable tools have become available to quantify the daily activity. This is particularly important for possible therapeutic use of the RAS, that is addressed to restore a harmonic pace in patients with PD.

Specific Aim 1: To analyze motor pattern in PD patients in real life setting, gait features will be obtained by wearable sensors in order to relate them with clinical and demographical data.

Specific Aim 2: To improve walking abilities and to reduce the risk of falls in patients with PD, researchers will test a real-time acoustic feed-back (RAS) and alerts from integrated sensors connected with a suitable and easy-to-use application for smartphones.

Specific Aim 3: To improve pharmacological and rehabilitative protocols, investigators will analyze the daily life gait and motility data and the clinical features to test the theoretical risk model of falls.

Experimental Design Aim 1: Patients with PD will be recruited at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli and Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS in Rome. All included patients will be affected by idiopathic PD. Clinical data will be acquired by a trained neurologist.

Three hundred patients will be remotely monitored through wearable sensors. Subjects will be instructed to wear the sensor for 14 consecutive days. Each patient will have more than 100 measurements every second, generating a large amount of data, which will be stored in a database and subsequently filtered for data of interest. Spatio-temporal gait parameterswill provide information to monitor the performance of patient's walking in order to get an accurate measure of the overall efficacy of the locomotor function. Then, they will be integrated with the electronic patient records. Clinical data, as physician's prescriptions, medical imaging and other administrative data will be recorded. Finally, a risk model for the prediction of falls will be constructed.

Experimental Design Aim 2: After the analysis of the obtained data, an application will be developed (Parkinson App Smartphone Aimed: P.A.St.A.), it will be characterized by reliability, easy-to-use, visual clarity, and affordability.

This application will be able to: 1) record the gait features sending them to a server in the cloud; 2) provide acoustic feedback adapted on patient's gait features (with higher or lower frequency on the basis of the patient's needs and on the predictive risks); 3) provide alert on the basis of risk indices (risk indices will be identified according to a risk model for the prediction of falls) and 4) be updated whenever needed (e.g. after a fall). Fifty patients will be provided with a smartphone, after a training on the use of the software application developed by the team project. They will use the application for a period of 14 consecutive days. Clinical assessments with scales will be performed, pre- and post-use of P.A.St.A., to analyze the motor function and the postural stability and, finally, the quality of life. In addition, the compliance to the adoption of the novel technology will be investigated.

Experimental Design Aim 3: The obtained computational data will be related with clinical features and gait patterns to identify clinical biomarkers for gait impairment in PD. The availability of a big data-sets, powered by the assessments of thousands of patients with PD, will allow the improvement of knowledge on motor pattern in real life setting and to improve the current therapeutic approach.

Metodologies and statistical analyses: All statistical analyses will be conducted using Stata software.

AIM 1 - Data will be summarized as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Continuous variables will be analyzed as means and standard deviations or medians and ranges. Investigators will look for normality by using normal plots or by significance tests (e.g. Shapiro-Wilk W test). The incidence of falls will be measured and the circumstances under which they occur and their consequences will be described, categorized as no injury, minor or major injuries. A multiple logistic regression analysis will be used to determine independent predictors of falls. Variables will be selected for entry into the logistic model based on the results of a univariate analyses. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodnessof-fit test will be used to assess how well the model accounted for specific outcomes. The prediction model for falls will be developed from the results of the multivariate analysis. The predictive score will be calculated by odds ratio based scoring method, and the nearest integer scores will be assigned to each predictor. Model discriminative power will be evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic area under the curve analysis.

AIM 2 - Data recorded will be processed to extract gait and dynamic balance parameters. The incidence of falls, the use of RAS and its correlation to the risks indices within the 14 days of follow-up will be measured. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test will be performed to compare the number of fall(s) before and after the use of P.A.St.A.

AIM 3 - Spatio-temporal gait parameters, and demographic and clinical characteristics of patients before therapies, will be compared using the Chi squared test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-tests where appropriate.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

300

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Italy
      • Roma, Italy, 00166
        • Recruiting
        • Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

PD patients will be enrolled among outpatients of the Movement Disorders Unit of the Gemelli University Hospital and outpatients of the Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Idiopathic Parkinson's disease diagnosed by a neurologist
  • Ability to sign informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to sign informed consent
  • Inability to fill out questionnaires (i.e. due to poor vision, inability to read, etc)
  • Presence of psychiatric diseases (episode or any form of psychosis, diagnosed by a psychiatrist in the last year).
  • Age under 18 yrs old

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Parkinson Disease Patients

Patients with PD will be recruited at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli and Fondazione Don Gnocchi ONLUS in Rome. All included patients will be affected by idiopathic PD. Clinical data will be acquired by a trained neurologist.

We will remotely monitor 300 patients through wearable sensors. Subjects will be instructed to wear the sensor for 14 consecutive days.
Device: Werable sensors
Parkinson Disease Patients monitored by werable sensors

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Correlations between inertial sensor-derived measures of motor function and clinician ratings during performance of the UPDRS part 3 and total exam at baseline
Time Frame: Fourteen days
Features extracted from continuous accelerometer signals recorded during real life for fourteen days, will be correlated with each relevant component of the UPDRS part 3 and corresponding clinician ratings to quantify the relationship between these measures.
Fourteen days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Time Up&Go
Time Frame: Baseline
Time Up&Go is a simple test used to assess a person's mobility and requires both static and dynamic balance. It uses the time that a person takes to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. During the test, the person is expected to wear their regular footwear and use any mobility aids that they would normally require.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus

Collaborators

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Augusto Fusco, M.D.; Ph.D., IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 23, 2019

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

May 31, 2020

Study Completion (Anticipated)

December 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 18, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 16, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

April 19, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 31, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 30, 2020

Last Verified

January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • GR-2016-02362879

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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