Effect of Strength Training on Executive Functions in Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment (Executive-19)

Cognitive impairment or dementia is their last degree in one of the main concerns at a social level in these ages. To this day, there are different pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies that can help prevent deterioration, as in this case, physical exercise.

In the existing scientific literature, you can find a lot of information about the effect of aerobic exercise on cognition, but little is known about the effect of force exercise and its effect on general cognition and executive functions.

Therefore, in this research the investigators will investigate the effect of strength training in people over 60 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in executive functions. For this, a controlled and randomized clinical trial will be developed in the city of Seville

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Executive Function; Strength Training
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Effect of strength training on executive functions in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.

Detailed Description

The training program will last 20 weeks and a frequency of 3 times / week.

During the week 0 the initial evaluation will be developed. Between weeks 1-20, the training program will be addressed. In week 21, all the changes made in all the measured variables will be evaluated.

Finally, in week 33 the variables will be measured again to see if the possible improvements given in the training program last over time.

The experimental group will perform a planned and individualized training with guided machines and training loads will be adjusted at the beginning of each week.

The control group will perform breathing and relaxation exercises to avoid a sample death.

After the intervention, there will be a follow-up phase for 3 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: manuel jesus j roldan, Sports Sci; Phone Number: 650344644; Email: jimenez.roldan.manueljesus@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Seville, Spain, 41013
    • Education Faculty
    • Contact: Email: jimenez.roldan.manueljesus@gmail.com
    • Contact: manuel jesus j roldan; Phone Number: 650344644; Email: jimenez.roldan.manueljesus@gmail.com
    • Principal Investigator: manuel jesus j Jiménez Roldán

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The sample is made up of people over 60 years of age, who are not active professionally, speak and understand the Spanish language.
• In addition, they should be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. This will be evaluated by specialists through the minimental test (score between 24 and 28).
• On the other hand, they should not suffer from other serious psychiatric or neurodegenerative neurological diseases.
• In relation to mental health, it will be a reason for exclusion to have had 3 episodes of depression in the last 5 years or 10 episodes that have required some psychiatric or medical treatment.In addition,
• The people included must be postmenopausal

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participate in other physical exercise programs in a systematic way or in individualized and systematic programs in cognitive programs.
• Dispose of cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases that involve an absolute contradiction of physical exercise (unstable angina, severe auroventricular block) and cerebrovascular or have suffered a heart attack in the last 6 years.
• Have had seizures (More than 2 in the last 12 months).
• Consumption of alcohol 20 grams / day or 2 beers or wine glasses daily.
• Functional limitations (According to Functional activities Questionnaire)
• Being a musician or bilingual.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP WILL DEVELOP 20 WEEKS OF TRAINING TO IMPROVE THE MUSCLE CAPACITY. FOR THIS, FORCE EXERCISES WILL BE DEVELOPED IN GUIDED MACHINES.	Other: Effect of strength training on executive functions in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.; Strength training sessions will have a frequency of 3 times per week (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday) for 20 weeks. In addition, each subject is subject to an individualized training program according to the workload in order to progressively increase the intensity of work. The workload will be modified progressively by influencing both the total volume of repetitions and the intensity of the exercises. The exercises will be controlled movements and not harmful, as guided machines will be used to facilitate the execution of actions. In addition, the largest amount of muscle groups to be able to generate strength gains in all muscle groups. The control group will perform breathing exercises and low intensity stretching during the same days and with the same duration as the experimental group
Experimental: Control; THE CONTROL GROUP WILL DEVELOP 20 WEEKS OF BALANCE AND BREATHING EXERCISES.	Other: Effect of strength training on executive functions in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment.; Strength training sessions will have a frequency of 3 times per week (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday) for 20 weeks. In addition, each subject is subject to an individualized training program according to the workload in order to progressively increase the intensity of work. The workload will be modified progressively by influencing both the total volume of repetitions and the intensity of the exercises. The exercises will be controlled movements and not harmful, as guided machines will be used to facilitate the execution of actions. In addition, the largest amount of muscle groups to be able to generate strength gains in all muscle groups. The control group will perform breathing exercises and low intensity stretching during the same days and with the same duration as the experimental group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Baseline of Inhibitory control	To measure the inhibitory control, the "Stroop test" will be used. It is a short test and consists of 3 parts. In the first part they must read the greatest number of words in a sheet with a total of 100 words that appear in 5 columns. For 45 seconds they should read the largest number of words. At the end of the time the number will be written down of words read. Next, they should identify colors from a list of symbols without meaning, but colored in different colors. The subject will have to identify and name the greatest number of colors. Finally, the subject is given a list of words with the name of colors, but written with a different color from the one the word refers to.This test aims to assess the inhibitory control.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in Inhibitory control	To measure the inhibitory control, the "Stroop test" will be used. It is a short test and consists of 3 parts. In the first part they must read the greatest number of words in a sheet with a total of 100 words that appear in 5 columns. For 45 seconds they should read the largest number of words. At the end of the time the number will be written down of words read. Next, they should identify colors from a list of symbols without meaning, but colored in different colors. The subject will have to identify and name the greatest number of colors. Finally, the subject is given a list of words with the name of colors, but written with a different color from the one the word refers to.This test aims to assess the inhibitory controlof words read.	week 21
Inhibitory control in the follow-up phase	To measure the inhibitory control, the "Stroop test" will be used. It is a short test and consists of 3 parts. In the first part they must read the greatest number of words in a sheet with a total of 100 words that appear in 5 columns. For 45 seconds they should read the largest number of words. At the end of the time the number will be written down of words read. Next, they should identify colors from a list of symbols without meaning, but colored in different colors. The subject will have to identify and name the greatest number of colors. Finally, the subject is given a list of words with the name of colors, but written with a different color from the one the word refers to.This test aims to assess the inhibitory controlof words read.	week 33

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Baseline of general cognition	Global cognition is evaluated through the mini-mental test (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975). It is a brief and quick test to apply and is frequently used to diagnose the degree of cognitive decline. It should be noted how various variables such as the socio-educational level, and age among others, can affect the result. In addition, the mini-mental test is low cost and can be applied by any professional with a minimum of knowledge and training towards their development. The diagnostic values for mild cognitive impairment are between 24 and 28.	Week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in General cognition	Global cognition is evaluated through the mini-mental test (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975). It is a brief and quick test to apply and is frequently used to diagnose the degree of cognitive decline. It should be noted how various variables such as the socio-educational level, and age among others, can affect the result. In addition, the mini-mental test is low cost and can be applied by any professional with a minimum of knowledge and training towards their development. The diagnostic values for mild cognitive impairment are between 24 and 28.	week 21
General cognition in the follow-up phase	Global cognition is evaluated through the mini-mental test (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975). It is a brief and quick test to apply and is frequently used to diagnose the degree of cognitive decline. It should be noted how various variables such as the socio-educational level, and age among others, can affect the result. In addition, the mini-mental test is low cost and can be applied by any professional with a minimum of knowledge and training towards their development. The diagnostic values for mild cognitive impairment are between 24 and 28.	week 33
Baseline of physical condition	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests: The tests described here are quantified by the distance achieved. Test of flexibility of the lower extremities, Put your hands behind your back, Get up and walk and sit down again. In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in Physical condition	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests: The tests described here are quantified by the distance achieved. Test of flexibility of the lower extremities, Put your hands behind your back, Get up and walk and sit down again. In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 21
Physical condition in the follow-up phase	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests: The tests described here are quantified by the distance achieved. Test of flexibility of the lower extremities, Put your hands behind your back, Get up and walk and sit down again. In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 33
Baseline of physical condition variante	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests. The tests described here are quantified by the maximum number of repetitions performed. Sit and get up from a chair for 30 seconds, push-ups for 30 seconds, In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in Physical condition variante	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests. The tests described here are quantified by the maximum number of repetitions performed. Sit and get up from a chair for 30 seconds, push-ups for 30 seconds, In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 21
Physical condition variante in the follow-up phase	Senior Fitness Test. This test battery allows us to evaluate the physical condition of elderly people safely. This battery can develop in ages from 60 to 94 years, encompassing various levels of physical and functional capacity (Rikli & Jones, 1999).Due to its easy application, no specific material is required for its development, so it can be developed outside the laboratory. This test battery consists of 7 tests. The tests described here are quantified by the maximum number of repetitions performed. Sit and get up from a chair for 30 seconds, push-ups for 30 seconds, In all the tests, the distance or number of repetitions made will be noted to later make comparisons with reference tables already established according to the ages.	week 33
Baseline of blood test	Only 15 ml of blood will be extracted from the antecubital vein to measure the concentrations of different biochemical parameters, such as the BDFN and IGF-1. To avoid interferences in the blood analysis, it is necessary that the patient goes on an empty stomach. It is also necessary that during the previous day the participant fulfills a normal sleep monitoring cycle and that he does not eat chocolate, cocoa, tea, coffee or any other stimulant.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in Blood test	Only 15 ml of blood will be extracted from the antecubital vein to measure the concentrations of different biochemical parameters, such as the BDFN and IGF-1. To avoid interferences in the blood analysis, it is necessary that the patient goes on an empty stomach. It is also necessary that during the previous day the participant fulfills a normal sleep monitoring cycle and that he does not eat chocolate, cocoa, tea, coffee or any other stimulant.	week 21
Baseline of strength	The point of maximum power is an elaborate and accurate assessment of muscle strength and is often evaluated at a speed of 60º per second. Therefore, the Biodex 4 system will be used to assess the capacity to generate the power peak of each subjectby knee extension.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in Strength	The point of maximum power is an elaborate and accurate assessment of muscle strength and is often evaluated at a speed of 60º per second. Therefore, the Biodex 4 system will be used to assess the capacity to generate the power peak of each subjectby knee extension.	week 21
Strength in the follow-up phase	The point of maximum power is an elaborate and accurate assessment of muscle strength and is often evaluated at a speed of 60º per second. Therefore, the Biodex 4 system will be used to assess the capacity to generate the power peak of each subjectby knee extension.	week 33
Baseline of cognitive flexibility	To evaluate the cognitive flexibility, will be used the WISCONSIN TEST. This test consists of two sets of 64 cards. The letters present various combinations according to 4 geometric shapes, 4 colors and 4 quantities.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in cognitive flexibility	To evaluate the cognitive flexibility, will be used the WISCONSIN TEST. This test consists of two sets of 64 cards. The letters present various combinations according to 4 geometric shapes, 4 colors and 4 quantities.	week 21
cognitive flexibility in the follow-up phase	To evaluate the cognitive flexibility, will be used the WISCONSIN TEST. This test consists of two sets of 64 cards. The letters present various combinations according to 4 geometric shapes, 4 colors and 4 quantities.	week 33
Baseline of cognitive flexibility variante	"Trail Making test part B" will be used to assess cognitive flexibility. This reliable test and valid consists of a page where you must surround numbers and letters. The numbers are they extend from 1 to 13 and the letters from A to L.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in cognitive flexibility variante	"Trail Making test part B" will be used to assess cognitive flexibility. This reliable test and valid consists of a page where you must surround numbers and letters. The numbers are they extend from 1 to 13 and the letters from A to L.	week 21
cognitive flexibility variante in the follow-up phase	"Trail Making test part B" will be used to assess cognitive flexibility. This reliable test and valid consists of a page where you must surround numbers and letters. The numbers are they extend from 1 to 13 and the letters from A to L.	week 33
Baseline of working memory	For that, wi will used the Verbal digit span forward and backward tests.This test is an excellent tool to evaluate working memory. The examiner reads a sequence of numbers and the participant must repeat it. It is composed of two parts, direct or indirect. In the first the subject must say the sequence of numbers in the order they appear. On the other hand, the indirect must name the numbers that appeared in reverse order. The length of the sequences of numbers increases progressively and two sequences with the same number are always administered. The task is suspended when the subject fails twice in the same sequence. This test gives us a measure of the attention capacity and working memory.	week 0
Mean Change from Baseline in working memory	For that, wi will used the Verbal digit span forward and backward tests.This test is an excellent tool to evaluate working memory. The examiner reads a sequence of numbers and the participant must repeat it. It is composed of two parts, direct or indirect. In the first the subject must say the sequence of numbers in the order they appear. On the other hand, the indirect must name the numbers that appeared in reverse order. The length of the sequences of numbers increases progressively and two sequences with the same number are always administered. The task is suspended when the subject fails twice in the same sequence. This test gives us a measure of the attention capacity and working memory.	week 21
Working memory in the follow-up phase	For that, wi will used the Verbal digit span forward and backward tests.This test is an excellent tool to evaluate working memory. The examiner reads a sequence of numbers and the participant must repeat it. It is composed of two parts, direct or indirect. In the first the subject must say the sequence of numbers in the order they appear. On the other hand, the indirect must name the numbers that appeared in reverse order. The length of the sequences of numbers increases progressively and two sequences with the same number are always administered. The task is suspended when the subject fails twice in the same sequence. This test gives us a measure of the attention capacity and working memory.	week 33

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Seville
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: manuel jesus j roldan, Sports Sci, University of Seville

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): September 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): March 15, 2020
• Study Completion (Anticipated): June 15, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 3, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): May 10, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 10, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2019
• Last Verified: May 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Neurocognitive Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction
• Other Study ID Numbers: University of seville

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No