Evaluation of The Effectiveness of m-DAKBAS on Foot Care

Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Mobile Diabetic Foot Personal Care System (m-DAKBAS) in Diabetic Individuals

Aim: To develop the Mobile Diabetic Foot Personal Care System (m-DAKBAS) related to foot care for diabetic individuals and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Method: The study involved 88 patients who applied to the Diabetes Polyclinic (intervention=44; control=44). While the intervention group used m-DAKBAS (for 6 months), the control group was provided with a verbal foot care training once, as a standardized procedure of the hospital. Data were collected using the "Socio-demographic Form", "Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form - DFKF", "Foot Self Care Behaviours Scale -FSCBS", "Diabetic Foot Care Self Efficacy Scale - DFCSES", and "m-DAKBAS Assessment Form".

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diabetic Foot; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Foot Ulcer, Diabetic
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: knowledge, behaviour, self efficacy

Detailed Description

Diabetic foot, one of the important complications of diabetes, is a health problem that affects quality of life in a negative way, that has high treatment and care costs and mortality rates, long hospitalization duration and thus with all these aspects a psychological, physical, social and economic priority. Despite all these, diabetic foot complications and amputations could be decreased with the help of a good foot care, education and a multidisciplinary team work. Mobile technologies have been continuously increasing worldwide for the management of diabetes, and the use of these technologies is recommended by international institutions as well.

Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a Turkish mobile application that would increase patients' knowledge levels about foot health and care, improve their behaviours and self-efficacy, and evaluate its effectiveness so that it could be possible to prevent foot ulcer and the related amputations in individuals with diabetes. The Mobile Diabetic Foot Personal Care System (m-DAKBAS) developed for this purpose enables to increase individuals' self-confidence, improve communication with the health personnel, involve patients in their own care in an interactive way, and take responsibility.

The usability of the application was indicated by the patients' feedback, and in line with the purpose of the mobile application, improvements in the patients' knowledge, behaviours and self-efficacy about foot care in diabetes.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 88
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Şehitkamil, Turkey
    • Sanko University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• having a diagnosis history of >1 year;
• having Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes;
• having a mobile phone with Android or IOS operating system;

Exclusion Criteria:

• having visual impairment,
• hand skill problem, difficulty in communication, or mental insufficiency;
• currently having foot ulcer.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: used m-DAKBAS; m-DAKBAS application was downloaded to the mobile phones of the participants who met the research criteria and accepted to participate in the study; the participants were given a username and a password for the confidentiality. They were instructed how to use the application after a number of trials. The participants were asked to send their blood sugar levels each time they measured it and foot observations daily through the application. Using the admin panel, the researcher followed the participants' frequency of using the application and the data they sent throughout 24 weeks and tried to find solutions to the problems experienced (for example: hyperglycaemia, insulin dosage adjustments). The participants were provided with feedback in line with these data; SMS reminders were sent if the tasks were not completed.	Other: knowledge, behaviour, self efficacy; Knowledge, behavior and self-efficacy of both groups were measured before and after the study.
Experimental: not used m-DAKBAS; The participants who met the research criteria and accepted to participate in the study were given training via verbal instruction about the information in the content of m-DAKBAS (definition of Diabetic Foot, risk factors, protective precautions, daily foot care)	Other: knowledge, behaviour, self efficacy; Knowledge, behavior and self-efficacy of both groups were measured before and after the study.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Knowledge	Diabetic Foot Knowledge Form (DFKF) included 20 questions that aim to measure the knowledge level of individuals with diabetes about diabetic foot and foot care. The questions had three options (True, False, I don't know). Each correct answer was scored 1 point. Higher scores indicate higher knowledge levels	before the intervention- Immediately after the intervention
Behaviour	Foot Self Care Behaviours Scale is composed of 15 items which were assessed as 1=Never, 2=Rarely, 3=Sometimes, 4=Frequently, 5=Always). Scores range between 15 and 75. Higher scores indicate better self care behaviours	before the intervention- Immediately after the intervention
self-efficacy	Diabetic Foot Care Self Efficacy Scale has nine items which are rated on an 11-item visual scale that range from 0=I find it totally insufficient and 10= I find it totally sufficient. Scores to be obtained from the scale range between 0 and 90. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy	before the intervention- Immediately after the intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sanko University
• Collaborators: Koç University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): July 29, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 26, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): July 23, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 23, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2019
• Last Verified: July 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Diabetic foot; mobile application; health technology
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Skin Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetic Angiopathies; Leg Ulcer; Skin Ulcer; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathies; Foot Diseases; Diabetic Foot; Foot Ulcer
• Other Study ID Numbers: SankoM

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: the article has been sent to the journal for publication
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: after research published
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No