Influence of Foot Types on Collegiate Athletes

Structural Foot Types and Their Influence on Core Strength and Athletic Performance in Collegiate Athletes

The purpose of the study is to assess whether high or low arch foot types influence the overall performance of the athlete.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: foot exercise

Detailed Description

After meeting the eligibility criteria for the study, university athletes have their general athletic condition variables evaluated in the laboratory and in the field. Subsequently, athletes with high and low arches perform 12-week foot muscle strengthening exercises to re-evaluate the variables in both athletes with high and low arch types who performed the strengthening exercises, as well as those with neutral arch who did not perform the exercises.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 97
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Colombia
  • Magdalena
    • Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, 571
      • Universidad del Magdalena

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• University athletes with 4 years of continuous training
• high foot
• low foot.
• Neutral foot

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any pain
• active injuries
• biomechanical alteration in their lower extremities.
• Spine disorders
• Spine surgery
• abdominal surgery,
• neural or vestibular disease
• arthritis of the lower extremities
• used of alcohol, sedatives, pain relievers, cold medication, or stimulants in the last year
• rigid pronated foot

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: structural foot types and their influence on core in collegiate athletes; Athletes do 12 weeks of exercises and then evaluate how they influenced core stability	Other: foot exercise; These are foot and ankle muscle strengthening exercises described and evaluated by the literature
Other: structural foot types and their influence on performance in collgiate athletes; Athletes do 12 weeks of exercises and then evaluate how they influenced on sport performance	Other: foot exercise; These are foot and ankle muscle strengthening exercises described and evaluated by the literature

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Alterations change from baseline of the muscles of the center of gravity at 12 weeks	Measurement of the activity of the muscles of the center of gravity with electromyography; Voltage amplitude of the anterior rectus muscle measured in millivolts; Erector spinae muscle voltage amplitude measured in millivolts; Voltage amplitude of the external oblique muscle measured in millivolts; Voltage amplitude of the Internal oblique muscle measured in millivolts Electrodes were placed on the subjects according to literature recommendations (Oliva-Lozano & Muyor, 2020). Three sets of three exercise repetitions were performed (García-Vaquero et al., 2012).	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of static stability: total mean distance, Anterioposterior distance and mediolateral distance at 12 weeks	The static stability in terms of total mean distance, Anterioposterior distance and mediolateral distance were measured in millimeters. The stability was measured when the athlete stood on the dominant leg trying to maintain balance for 10 seconds.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of static stability: total mean speed, anterio-posterior speed and mediolateral speed at 12 weeks	The static stability in terms of static stability: total mean speed, anterio-posterior speed and mediolateral speed were measured in millimeters/seconds The stability was measured when the athlete stood on the dominant leg trying to maintain balance for 10 seconds.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of static stability: covered area at 12 weeks	The static stability in terms of static covered area was measured in millimeters² The stability was measured when the athlete stood on the dominant leg trying to maintain balance for 10 seconds.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of dynamic stability: mean power at 12 weeks	The dynamic stability in terms of mean power was measured in watts/kilogram The participants were instructed to perform five single-leg jumps using their dominant foot.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of dynamic stability: left-right and forward/backward displacement at 12 weeks	The dynamic stability in terms of left-right and forward/backward displacement were measured in centimeters The participants were instructed to perform five single-leg jumps using their dominant foot.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline of dynamic stability: covered area at 12 weeks	The dynamic stability in terms of covered area measured in centimeters² The participants were instructed to perform five single-leg jumps using their dominant foot.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) at 12 weeks	We used an Ergospirometry system to assess: VO2max and AT measured in milliliters/kilogram/minute They followed Marcos' protocol for a continuous treadmill exercise test (Marcos et al., 2018) and estimated VO2max and AT.	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of countermovement jump test: maximum force measured at 12 weeks	Sport performance of countermovement jump test: maximum force measured in Newton/kilogram. For the countermovement jump (CMJ), participants started upright, knees and hips flexed, and then jumped while crossing their hands behind their back (Bobbert et al., 1996).	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of countermovement jump test: rate of force development at 12 weeks	Sport performance of countermovement jump test: rate of force development measured in Newton/kilogram/second. For the countermovement jump (CMJ), participants started upright, knees and hips flexed, and then jumped while crossing their hands behind their back (Bobbert et al., 1996).	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of countermovement jump test: maximum power at 12 weeks	Sport performance of countermovement jump test: maximum power measured in Watts/kilogram. For the countermovement jump (CMJ), participants started upright, knees and hips flexed, and then jumped while crossing their hands behind their back (Bobbert et al., 1996).	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of countermovement jump test:maximum velocity at 12 weeks	Sport performance of countermovement jump test: maximum velocity measured in meters/second. For the countermovement jump (CMJ), participants started upright, knees and hips flexed, and then jumped while crossing their hands behind their back (Bobbert et al., 1996).	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of record time 40-meter sprint test at 12 weeks	Sport performance of of 40-meter sprint test: record time measured in seconds. To measure the 40-meter sprint, photocell sensors and biomechanical equipment were used and participants ran at their maximum speed over a distance of 40 meters	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of speed 40-meter sprint test at 12 weeks	Sport performance of of 40-meter sprint test: speed measured in meters/second. To measure the 40-meter sprint, photocell sensors and biomechanical equipment were used and participants ran at their maximum speed over a distance of 40 meters	Baseline and week 12
Alterations change from baseline in sport performance of acceleration 40-meter sprint test at 12 weeks	Sport performance of of 40-meter sprint test: acceleration measured in meters/second². To measure the 40-meter sprint, photocell sensors and biomechanical equipment were used and participants ran at their maximum speed over a distance of 40 meters	Baseline and week 12

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universidad del Magdalena
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: orlando santiago Moreno barriga, Universidad del Magdalena

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Oliva-Lozano JM, Muyor JM. Core Muscle Activity During Physical Fitness Exercises: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jun 16;17(12):4306. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124306.
• Garcia-Vaquero MP, Moreside JM, Brontons-Gil E, Peco-Gonzalez N, Vera-Garcia FJ. Trunk muscle activation during stabilization exercises with single and double leg support. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012 Jun;22(3):398-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.017. Epub 2012 Mar 20.
• Marcos MA, Koulla PM, Anthos ZI. Preseason Maximal Aerobic Power in Professional Soccer Players Among Different Divisions. J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Feb;32(2):356-363. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001810.
• Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KG, Litjens MC, Van Soest AJ. Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Nov;28(11):1402-12. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199611000-00009.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 21, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): May 19, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 14, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): August 15, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 15, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2023
• Last Verified: August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: performance; core; low foot; high foot
• Other Study ID Numbers: CTUM212170

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No