The Effect of Different Exercises on Lower Extremity Performance in Flexible Flatfoot

July 1, 2024 updated by: Dilek Hande Esen, Mustafa Kemal University

Comparison of Effect of Ankle Exercise in PNF Pattern and Clam Exercise on Lower Extremity Muscle Strengh and Performance in Adults With Flexible Flat Feet: A Randomized Controlled Trial

In the study, the effects of two different strengthening exercises combined with short foot exercise on lower extremity functional performance and muscle strength will be examined and compared in adults aged 18-45 years with flexible flatfoot. This study was designed as an experimental, 3-arm, parallel group, double-blind randomized controlled study that included a 6-week intervention period.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Participants will be randomly divided into 3 different groups (control group, foot-ankle exercise group, hip exercise group). The control group will be instructed to perform only short foot exercise; the foot-ankle exercise group will be instructed to perform 3-dimensional foot-ankle extension exercise in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern in addition to short foot exercise; the hip exercise group will be instructed to perform hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening exercise (clam exercise) in addition to short foot exercise. Foot-ankle and hip exercises will be performed against resistance with the help of an elastic band, 3 days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist and progression will be made by changing to a higher level of difficulty band color every 2 weeks. Short foot exercise will be performed every day of the week (3 days under the supervision of a physiotherapist; the rest of the days as a home exercise program) and will be progressed by changing position (sitting, standing, on one leg respectively) every 2 weeks. All exercises will be performed for 6 weeks. Assessments will be performed at the beginning and end of the exercises by another researcher blinded to group allocation. Isometric muscle strength of the intrinsic foot, four-way ankle circumference and hip abductor-external rotator muscles, endurance of the plantar flexors, forward jump and dynamic balance performance will be evaluated respectively.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

60

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Çankaya
      • Ankara, Çankaya, Turkey, 06540
        • Gazi University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age range is 18-45 years
  • Navicular drop is 10 mm or more
  • Getting a value of +6 points or more from the Foot Posture Index-6

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Orthopedic and rheumatological diseases of the spinal region and lower extremities
  • Surgery history of the spine and lower extremities
  • Neurological and systemic disorders
  • Describe lower extremity and/or lower back pain in the last 6 months
  • Disorders that may affect cognition and balance (otitis media, visual impairment, etc.)
  • Body mass index being above normal values (18-24.9 kg/m2)
  • Having rigid flat feet and/or hallux rigidus-limitus deformity
  • Being involved in regular sports or exercise
  • Having received any physiotherapy or rehabilitation treatment for flat feet or hips in the last year

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: PNF exercise group
All groups will be subjected to exercise training for 6 weeks: PNF exercise group will receive 3-dimensional (3D) foot-ankle extension exercise and short-foot exercise. The exercise will be performed 2 days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist and 1 day as home exercise; KA exercise will be performed daily, 2 days under the supervision of a physiotherapist and the other days as home exercise.
Other: PNF exercise
Ankle and foot exercises practiced for 6 weeks.
Other: Short-foot exercise
Foot exercise practiced together for 6 weeks.
Experimental: Clam exercise group
All groups will be subjected to exercise training for 6 weeks: Clam exercise group will receive mussel exercise and short-foot exercise. The exercise will be performed 2 days a week under the supervision of a physiotherapist and 1 day as home exercise; KA exercise will be performed daily, 2 days under the supervision of a physiotherapist and the other days as home exercise.
Other: Short-foot exercise
Foot exercise practiced together for 6 weeks.
Other: Clam exercise
Hip exercise practiced for 6 weeks.
Active Comparator: Control group
All groups will be subjected to exercise training for 6 weeks: Control group will receive only KA exercise and this exercise will be performed daily, 2 days under the supervision of a physiotherapist and the other days as home exercise.
Other: Short-foot exercise
Foot exercise practiced together for 6 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Medial longitudinal arch height
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Medial longitudinal arch height will be evaluated with the navicular drop test.
6 weeks
Static foot posture
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Static foot posture will be evaluated with Foot Posture Index-6.
6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Isometric muscle strength
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, 4-way ankle muscles and hip abductor/external rotator isometric muscle strength will be evaluated using a digital hand-held dynamometer.
6 weeks
Lower extremity functional performance
Time Frame: 6 weeks
With plantar flexor focused endurance performance heel raise test; with dynamic balance Y balance test; Single leg forward jump performance will be evaluated with the single leg hop for distance test.
6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Mustafa Kemal University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Dilek Esen, PhD. c, Gazi University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 30, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 30, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

September 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 26, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 26, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

July 1, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 3, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 1, 2024

Last Verified

July 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • E-77082166-604.01-930455

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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