Food Orders on Blood Glucose and Fuel Use At Rest

February 16, 2025 updated by: Patrick Wilson, PhD, Old Dominion University

The Impact of Different Food Orders on Blood Glucose and Fuel Use At Rest

Consuming a carbohydrate-rich food as the final food in a meal, as compared to the first food in a meal, has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels after eating in both diabetes patients and in healthy controls. However, gaps remain in the literature in this area of research, and currently little is known about how substrate (fuel) use is impacted by altering food order. In addition, most studies to date have used a mix of meat and plant foods, while little research has focused exclusively on vegetarian foods. This randomized experiment will examine how altering the order of foods eaten in a vegetarian meal impacts blood glucose and fuel utilization at rest.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

60

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Norfolk, Virginia, United States, 23529
        • Recruiting
        • Old Dominion University Human Performance Laboratory
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18-70 years old
  • Free from any allergy or condition that precluding consumption of edamame, butter, and rice
  • Not currently pregnant
  • Free of any medical conditions requiring the use of insulin
  • Have no history of bariatric surgery
  • Have no implanted electrical devices such as a pacemaker

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Younger than 18 and older than 70 years old
  • Having an allergy or condition that precludes consumption of edamame, butter, and rice
  • Currently pregnant
  • Any medical conditions requiring the use of insulin
  • A history of bariatric surgery
  • Having an implanted electrical device such as a pacemaker

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Carbohydrate-first meal
Other: Carbohydrate-first meal
Rice eaten first (150 grams), followed by edamame (150 grams) and butter (10 grams)
Experimental: Carbohydrate-last meal
Other: Carbohydrate-last meal
Edamame (150 grams) and butter (10 grams) eaten first, followed by rice (150 grams)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Respiratory exchange ratio
Time Frame: 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Ratio of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption for determination of fuel use
90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fat use
Time Frame: 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Fat utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange
90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Carbohydrate use
Time Frame: 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Carbohydrate utilization will be estimated from respiratory gas exchange
90 minutes (baseline/premeal and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Blood glucose
Time Frame: 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Blood glucose will be measured with fingerstick samples and a portable glucometer
90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Hunger-satiety perceptions
Time Frame: 90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)
Hunger, appetite, satiety, and fullness on a 0-10 Likert scale
90 minutes (baseline/premeal and 30, 60, and 90 minutes postmeal)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Old Dominion University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 5, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 2, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 2, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 16, 2025

Last Verified

January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 24-163

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

De-identified IPD will be shared as supplementary material associated with the published peer-reviewed publication or through a publicly available repository (depending on the journal's preference).

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data will become available once the associated article is officially published. The data will be made available indefinitely.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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