Ghrelin and Nutritional Status After a Standardized Meal.

June 2, 2026 updated by: Medical University of Bialystok

Analysis of Ghrelin Concentration in the Blood Serum of Patients With Different Nutritional Status Following Consumption of a Standarized Meal.

This study evaluated differences in serum concentrations of ghrelin among individuals with varying nutritional status following a standardized meal.

A total of 80 adults were enrolled and stratified by BMI. Fasting and postprandial ghrelin levels were assessed at multiple time points.

Additionally, dietary habits, physical activity, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were evaluated to explore their association with hormonal responses.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Study Objectives

1. The primary objectives was to evaluate differences in serum concentrations of ghrelin among patients with varying nutritional status following consumption of standarized meal (cross-over design).

Secondary Objectives

  1. To compare fasting serum concentrations of ghrelin across nutritional status groups.
  2. To assess postprandial changes (60, 120, 1880, and 240 minutes) in ghrelin depending on nutritional status.
  3. To compare fasting versus postpradial ghrelin levels. Methods

Study Population: A total of 80 adults (aged 40-60 years) were enrolled and stratified by BMI into the following groups:

Normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) Overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9) Obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.9) Obesity class II and III (BMI ≥ 35.0) Exclusion criteria included: carbohydrate metabolism disorders, endocrine disorders, renal and/or hepatic failure, gastrointestinal diseases, history of gastroenterological and bariatric surgery, pharmacological treatment or other preparations whose effect on metabolic and hormonal changes is documented or unknown, pregnancy, lactation and other diseases that may affect the obtained results.

Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life:

Validated questionnaires (including QEB, IPAQ, WHOQOL-BREF, AND TFEQ-R18) were used. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls collected over 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day).

Nutritional Status Assessment: Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist and hip circumference) were obtained, and BMI, WHR, WHtR, and RFM were calculated. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Biochemical Measurements: Fasting blood samples were collected to assess: glucose, insulin, lipid profile, CRP, ALT, AST, uric acid, creatinine, and ghrelin. After ingestion of a standarized isocaloric meal (Nutridrink Standard), additional blood samples were collected at 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes.

Resting energy Expenditure: REE was measured using indirect calorimetry (Q-NRG+, COSMED).

Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using Statistica 13.3 (StatSoft).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

80

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Poland
    • Poland
      • Bialystok, Poland, Poland, 15-089
        • Medical University of Bialystok

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • women and men aged 40-60

Exclusion Criteria:

  • type I and II diabetes,
  • exacerbated coronary artery disease,
  • endocrine disorders,
  • pregnancy and lactation period,
  • use of hormonal contraception or hormone replacement therapy, steroid therapy, antiretroviral therapy,
  • surgical or pharmacological history obesity treatment,
  • pacemaker

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Normal Body Weight Group
Participants with normal body weight (BMI: 19-24.9 kg/m2)
Other: Nutridrink Protein
Participants consumed 187.5 mL of the oral nutritional supplement Nutridrink Protein during the study procedure.
Experimental: Overweight Group
Participants with overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2)
Other: Nutridrink Protein
Participants consumed 187.5 mL of the oral nutritional supplement Nutridrink Protein during the study procedure.
Experimental: Obesity I Group
Participants with class I obesity (BMI: 30-34.9 kg/m2)
Other: Nutridrink Protein
Participants consumed 187.5 mL of the oral nutritional supplement Nutridrink Protein during the study procedure.
Experimental: Obesity II Group
Participants with class II and class III obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2)
Other: Nutridrink Protein
Participants consumed 187.5 mL of the oral nutritional supplement Nutridrink Protein during the study procedure.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postprandial serum ghrelin concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Change in serum ghrelin concentration (pg/mL) over 4 hours following standardized meal intake in participants with different nutritional status. Measurements will be assessed at predefined time points postprandially.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hemoglobin concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Hemoglobin level (g/dL) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
White blood cell count
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
WBC count (×10⁹/μL) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Platelet count
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Platelet count (×10⁹/μL) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Fasting glucose concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Glucose level (mg/dL) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Fasting insulin concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Insulin level (µIU/mL) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Total cholesterol concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
C-reactive protein concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
CRP level (mg/L) measured in fasting blood samples.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Alanine aminotransferase activity
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
ALT level (U/L) measured in serum.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Aspartate aminotransferase activity
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
AST level (U/L) measured in serum.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Serum uric acid concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Uric acid level (mg/dL).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Serum creatinine concentration
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Creatinine level (μmol/l).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Total fat mass measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Total fat mass (kg) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Body fat percentage measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Total body fat percentage (%) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Lean body mass measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Lean body mass (kg) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Visceral adipose tissue measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Visceral adipose tissue mass (cm³) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Subcutaneous adipose tissue measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Subcutaneous adipose tissue mass (cm³) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Android fat percentage measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Android fat percentage (%) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Gynoid fat percentage measured by DEXA
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Gynoid fat percentage (%) assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Dietary habits score (QEB questionnaire)
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Score from standardized Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating scores (TFEQ-R18)
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Scores for each subscale of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (range 0-100; higher score indicates greater expression of trait).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Hunger and satiety ratings
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Visual analogue scale or standardized scale (0-10)
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Physical activity level (IPAQ score)
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) score expressed in MET-minutes/week. Higher values indicate higher physical activity level.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Quality of life score (WHOQOL-BREF)
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
WHOQOL-BREF scores for physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Scores range 0-100; higher score indicates better quality of life.
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
Resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry
Time Frame: 24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).
REE measured in kcal/day using indirect calorimetry (Q-NRG+, COSMED).
24 months (analyzes were performed throughout the study period).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Medical University of Bialystok

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Lucyna Ostrowska, Professor, Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Medical University of Bialystok

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 8, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 14, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

April 14, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 4, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 2, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • B.SUB.24.112
  • AZN.614.1.2024 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Medical University of Bialystok)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Obesity

Clinical Trials on Nutridrink Protein

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Kuwait

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe