Effectiveness of Balloon Blowing and Deep Breathing Exercise on Increasing Peripheral Oxygen Saturation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This study aims to determine the effect of Balloon Blowing and Deep Breathing Exercise on Increasing Peripheral Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The main question it aims to answer is:

1. What is the effect of balloon blowing breathing exercise on peripheral oxygen saturation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients? Participants performed the exercise on the day agreed upon with the researcher. Respondents performed balloon-blowing breathing exercises twice daily for 7 days. These exercises consisted of deep breathing exercises followed by a slow balloon-blowing technique in three cycles per session, with a 1-minute rest interval between cycles. Each cycle included a deep breath for 3-4 seconds, a breath hold for 2-3 seconds, and a slow breath into the balloon for 5-8 seconds, repeated four times. Oxygen saturation was measured after the intervention on the seventh day to assess the effect of the exercise on peripheral oxygen saturation.

Researchers compared the intervention and control groups to determine whether there was a significant difference between respondents who performed deep breathing exercises and balloon-blowing (intervention) and those who performed only deep breathing exercises (control).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Breathing Exercise; Breathing Technique
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Balloon-blowing and Deep breathing exercises; Behavioral: Deep breathing exercises

Detailed Description

The research process was guided by the CONSORT Statement for RCTs. The process involved registration, allocation, follow-up, and analysis. The recruitment process began with a feasibility assessment for potential respondents. This process was carried out when the patient conducted a phase 2 pulmonary rehabilitation evaluation.

Researchers initially reviewed patient data through medical records, reviewing ID, color code, age, gender, medical history, patient condition, and location of residence. Patients' communication skills were assessed during the evaluation.

The inclusion criteria for this study were patients aged 18-60 years, diagnosed with mild to moderate COPD, or with other medical conditions but a history of COPD, able and calm to follow instructions to inhale using the balloon blowing technique, and willing to be studied with informed consent. Exclusion criteria included patients with severe shortness of breath, patients on respiratory support, and abnormal hemoglobin levels. Dropout criteria included discontinuation of the study and respondents not undergoing the appropriate intervention. The collected respondents were then randomly assigned using envelopes, dividing them into two groups: 23 respondents in the intervention group and 23 respondents in the control group.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 46
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Indonesia
  • Special Region of Aceh
    • Banda Aceh, Special Region of Aceh, Indonesia, 32126
      • dr. Zainoel Abidin Regional General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 18-60 years, diagnosed with mild to moderate COPD, or with other medical conditions but a history of COPD, able and calm to follow instructions to inhale using the balloon blowing technique, and willing to be studied with informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with severe shortness of breath, patients on respiratory support, and abnormal hemoglobin levels. Dropout criteria included discontinuation of the study and respondents not undergoing the appropriate intervention.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention Group; Performed Balloon-blowing and Deep breathing exercises	Behavioral: Balloon-blowing and Deep breathing exercises; Respondents performed balloon-blowing breathing exercises twice daily for 7 days. These exercises consisted of deep breathing exercises followed by a slow balloon-blowing technique in three cycles per session, with a 1-minute rest interval between cycles. Each cycle included a deep breath for 3-4 seconds, a breath hold for 2-3 seconds, and a slow breath into the balloon for 5-8 seconds, repeated four times.
Experimental: Control Group; Performed only deep breathing exercises	Behavioral: Deep breathing exercises; The participants performed deep breathing exercises twice daily for 7 days. The exercises consisted of three cycles of deep breathing only per session, with a 1-minute rest interval between cycles. Each cycle included a deep breath in for 3-4 seconds, a breath hold for 2-3 seconds, and a slow exhalation for 5-8 seconds, repeated four times.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation	Peripheral oxygen saturation was measured using a Braun brand pulse oximeter after the intervention on the first and seventh days to assess the effect of the exercise.	Day 1 & Day 7

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Indonesia University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Chairul Huda, Master & Postgraduate Program, Indonesia University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 10, 2026
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 25, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 9, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 9, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): June 12, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 12, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 9, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Breathing Exercises; Deep Breathing; Oxygen Saturation, Peripheral; Balloon Blowing Exercise
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Chronic Disease; Disease Attributes; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
• Other Study ID Numbers: 770/Litbang

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No