Impact Force and Jump Performance in Taekwondo (IFJP-TKD)

June 14, 2026 updated by: Emre Berk HAZAR, Bayburt University

The Relationship Between Relative Impact Force and Jumping Performance in Taekwondo Athletes

he goal of this study is to examine the relationship between countermovement jump performance and kick impact power in elite Taekwondo athletes and to evaluate these variables across gender and weight categories. The main questions it aims to answer are whether jump performance is associated with kick impact power and whether these variables differ according to weight class and gender.

Thirty-two elite Taekwondo athletes with international experience participated in the study. Participants performed countermovement jump tests to assess anaerobic power and sport-specific kicking tests to measure impact power. Data were analyzed using correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with post-hoc comparisons where appropriate.

Participants performed:

countermovement jump tests to assess explosive lower-limb power sport-specific kicking tests to measure impact force laboratory-based performance assessments using biomechanical measurements

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study employed a cross-sectional observational design to investigate the association between lower-limb explosive power and sport-specific striking performance in elite Taekwondo athletes.

Force and power-related variables were obtained under standardized testing conditions in a controlled laboratory environment. Participants completed countermovement jump (CMJ) assessments following a standardized warm-up protocol. CMJ performance was used as an indicator of global lower-limb explosive capacity.

Sport-specific impact performance was evaluated using standardized kicking tasks, including dominant and non-dominant Roundhouse Kick (RK) and Side Kick (SK) techniques. Impact-related variables were recorded using validated biomechanical measurement equipment capable of capturing force-related output during striking. All trials were performed with consistent target height and distance to ensure comparability between participants.

Athletes were grouped according to official weight categories and gender in order to examine potential inter-group differences in performance characteristics. Data normality was tested prior to inferential analysis. Depending on distribution assumptions, parametric or non-parametric statistical tests were applied. Relationships between CMJ performance and kick impact variables were examined using correlation analysis, while group differences were assessed using appropriate comparative statistical tests.

All measurements were completed in a single testing session to minimize inter-session variability, and multiple trials were used for each performance test to ensure reliability.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

32

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Bayburt, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 69000
        • Bayburt Unıversity

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Elite Taekwondo athletes with international competition experience Training regularly (minimum 6 sessions per week) No lower extremity injury affecting performance in the last 6 months Voluntary participation with written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

Current musculoskeletal injury or pain affecting performance History of lower limb surgery in the past 12 months Use of performance-enhancing drugs or stimulants before testing Failure to complete all performance tests (CMJ and kicking protocols) Non-compliance with pre-test instructions (diet, rest, or activity restrictions)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Other: Elite Taekwondo Athletes
Participants were elite Taekwondo athletes who underwent standardized performance testing including countermovement jump (CMJ) assessment and sport-specific kicking tests (Roundhouse Kick and Side Kick). Kick impact power was measured using a validated force measurement system. No intervention was administered. All assessments were performed under controlled laboratory conditions.
Other: Performance Assessment Protocol

Participants underwent a standardized performance assessment protocol including countermovement jump (CMJ) testing and sport-specific kicking tests (Roundhouse Kick and Side Kick). Kick impact power was measured using a validated biomechanical force measurement system (PowerKube). No therapeutic or training intervention was applied. All assessments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate explosive power and sport-specific performance characteristics.

Device: OptoJump Photoelectric Cell System The OptoJump system was used to measure countermovement jump (CMJ) height and assess lower extremity explosive power.

Device: PowerKube Impact Measurement System The PowerKube device was used to measure kicking impact power (Roundhouse Kick and Side Kick) in watts.

Procedure: Performance Testing Protocol Participants underwent anthropometric assessment, CMJ testing, and kicking performance tests under standardized laboratory conditions. No training or therapeutic interv

Other Names:
  • CMJ and Kick Testing Protocol

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) height
Time Frame: Baseline
CMJ height was measured to assess lower-limb explosive power in ription: elite Taekwondo athletes using a validated photoelectric cell system.
Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Kick Impact Power (Roundhouse Kick and Side Kick)
Time Frame: Baseline
Impact power of dominant and non-dominant Roundhouse and Side Kicks was measured using a validated biomechanical force measurement system.
Baseline

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Relative Impact Power (Entropy-based score)
Time Frame: Baseline

Description: Relative impact power was calculated using an entropy-based weighting method and normalized to body mass. The score represents a composite performance index reflecting the balance and distribution of kicking power across dominant and non-dominant techniques.

Scale: Entropy-Based Composite Index Minimum Value: 0 (no effective power distribution) Maximum Value: Theoretical upper bound is not fixed; higher values indicate greater balanced performance output across techniques Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better technical efficiency and more balanced force distribution across kicking techniques, while lower scores indicate less balanced or more concentrated performance output.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Bayburt University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Betül C GÜDER, Doctor, Bayburt University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 30, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 4, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 14, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 18, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 14, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • E-15604681-100-321083

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared as the study does not involve clinical patient data. The dataset consists of anonymized sports performance measurements collected for research purposes only.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on The Study Focuses on National Taekwondo Athletes, Rather Than a Specific Disease or Medical Condition

Clinical Trials on Performance Assessment Protocol

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