Cephalometric and Digital Dental Arch Characteristics Across Angle Malocclusion Groups in Orthodontic Patients From the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Cephalometric and Digital Dental Arch Characteristics Across Angle Malocclusion Groups in Orthodontic Patients From the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: a Cross-sectional Study

This clinic-based cross-sectional study compared skeletal, dental, soft-tissue, and digital dental arch characteristics among adolescents aged 11-18 years with Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and three-dimensional intraoral scans were used to evaluate craniofacial morphology and dental arch dimensions. Significant differences were observed in sagittal skeletal relationships, vertical facial characteristics, dentoalveolar measurements, overjet, overbite, and maxillary arch dimensions among the three malocclusion groups. These findings provide clinically relevant information that may support individualized orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for adolescents in comparable clinical settings, while not representing population norms or regional prevalence estimates

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cephalometry; Angle Malocclusion; Digital Dental Models

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 300

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Vietnam
  • Can Tho, Vietnam, +84
    • Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of 300 orthodontic patients aged 15-18 years who attended the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam. Participants had permanent dentition and were classified into Angle Class I, Class II, or Class III malocclusion based on clinical examination. All participants had complete lateral cephalometric radiographs and three-dimensional intraoral scans and had not received previous orthodontic treatment.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adolescents aged 15-18 years.
• Permanent dentition.
• Diagnosed with Angle Class I, II, or III malocclusion.
• Complete lateral cephalometric radiographs and digital intraoral scans available.
• No previous orthodontic treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Craniofacial syndromes or congenital anomalies.
• History of orthognathic surgery.
• Missing permanent teeth (excluding third molars).
• Poor-quality radiographs or digital scans.
• Incomplete clinical records.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Angle Class I Malocclusion; Orthodontic patients aged 15-18 years diagnosed with Angle Class I malocclusion.
Angle Class II Malocclusion; Orthodontic patients aged 15-18 years diagnosed with Angle Class II malocclusion.
Angle Class III Malocclusion; Orthodontic patients aged 15-18 years diagnosed with Angle Class III malocclusion.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cephalometric Characteristics	Overall cephalometric characteristics measured from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs and compared among Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion groups using predefined cephalometric variables according to the study protocol.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Digital Dental Arch Characteristics	Overall digital dental arch characteristics measured from three-dimensional intraoral digital models and compared among Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion groups according to the study protocol.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 20, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 20, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): June 20, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 3, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 9, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): July 10, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 16, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 15, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Assoc. Prof.Le Nguyen Lam

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No